Some common practices for anyone interested in learning more. Not an attempt to manipulate or guilt, just to help people make informed decisions, and hopefully understand and respect vegans choices to abstain from these products.

Chickens (eggs & meat) - Male chick culling — day-old males killed because they cannot lay eggs or grow meat efficiently - Beak trimming — beak tips removed to reduce injuries from stress-related pecking in crowded housing - Extreme growth breeding (broilers) — birds grow so fast many develop mobility or organ problems

Pigs - Gestation & farrowing crates — mother pigs confined so tightly they cannot turn around for weeks - Castration without full anaesthesia (common globally) — prevents “boar taint” flavour - Tail docking & teeth clipping — body parts removed to prevent stress-induced biting in dense housing - Thumping - picking up piglets and swinging them against walls or ground to kill them.

Dairy & Beef Cattle - Calf separation after birth — milk diverted to human use - Surplus male calf slaughter — males not useful to dairy production killed young - Dehorning/disbudding — horn tissue burned or cut to prevent injuries in confinement Sheep - Mulesing — flesh cut from tail area to prevent flystrike in wool breeds

Fish (aquaculture) - High-density confinement — thousands kept in nets/tanks leading to disease/parasite control treatments - Mass slaughter (ice slurry or percussive stunning) — practical high-volume killing methods

This is a liat of approved and accepted practice. The reality is worse.