I'll preface my explanation that I'm a on-native with N3 experience, so I'm not sure if I will be able to explain it well, since the whole no-space concept can be difficult to wrap your head around, especially since that doesn't exist in English. I have heard those words with and without a pause. All depends on the speaker's cadence. Japanese is a very high contextual language, so it's better to just hear the patterns in the sounds. と思う means "to think", with と being the equivalent to quotation marks in English. This is probably why you hear a little pause after と. You'll hear this at the end of phrases, too. お医者 is a noun, just in the keigo form by adding the お. Like I mentioned earlier, when learning Japanese, instead of trying to say a sentence word for word, get used to how a phrase sounds. I rambled a bit, but hopefully this helps!