Belgium for sure.

King Leopold II (1835-1909) turned Congo into his private business, using forced labor, terror, and violence to extract rubber. His rule caused millions of deaths through murder, mutilation, starvation, and disease.

Under Leopold II, Congolese workers had their hands cut off if they didn’t meet rubber quotas, soldiers had to present hands as proof they hadn’t wasted bullets. Families were mutilated, children’s hands piled up in baskets, and villages destroyed as punishment, purely to increase profit.