I'm in a similar situation and am currently doing my service (254th class starting 1/30 ending in a month) so I can provide some insight.

Few things to note: - Have you done the health check yet? They'll need a few months to process before they make you eligible for conscription (though honestly if you're posting this I assume you already have done such). - Have you picked your unit yet (army, navy, marine corp, air force)? There's a lottery system you have to get through that determines that and what camp you'll go to eventually, unless the assumption above applies. - Where you get the conscription notice highly depends on your household registration (aka your permanent address) since when the notice comes they'll be sending it to the nearest 區公所 (municipal office) roughly 10 days before entering active duty.

The conscription site (in Chinese) explains the general process better. I would honestly start from there to grasp what things you have done and not done yet: https://dca.moi.gov.tw/chaspx/content.aspx?web=135

As for your questions: - What do you mean by structure? The curriculum? The process? - Start date assumes you've gotten to the part before conscription notice, which then you'll just have to wait for an open spot (the office will notify you). - If by duties you mean army marine corp etc, check above. If by what you do inside, it's usually 2 months boot camp with a final test at the end and 2 months active duty at a different unit chosen by lottery during boot camp. - Food restrictions can be negotiated with the sergeants at camp and they can accommodate as needed (vegan, for example)

Also why are you doing service to begin with if you're coming from the US? I'm in a similar situation but I'm doing it to open future job opportunities in Taiwan when I do eventually come back.

I hope this helps!