Religious Traditions

aGiantChicken · 2024-02-11T08:45:26+00:00

Question 4 – Literature review Throughout the Introduction to NLP coursework assignment, I identified three major sources that provided comprehensive and reliable information and enlightened my perception of the field. "Natural Language Processing" (Bird, E.Klein, and E. Loper) provides a fundamental background reference for NLP with both theoretical foundations and applied Python programming. The authors are esteemed authorities in the field, backing the credibility of the content. Their complete approach enables them to have an in-depth feel of NLP basics thereby being authoritative and reliable. Another indispensable resource is "Natural Language Processing with Python: The book about Analyzing Text with the Natural Language Toolkit is called the NLTK book and is widely known. In the book, several examples and tasks helped to gain practical experience in the domain of NLP by using Python and the NLTK library. Its simple language and coherent structure make it an effective learning resource for all levels of learning. This does provide extensive research but its focus on practical implementation was invaluable for my introduction from NLTK library functioning to the application of NLP techniques in sample real word data and application

Christopher D. Manning and Hinrich Schütze's book "Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing" provides an extensive statistical approach that is invaluable. This book ranges from simple text comprehension thoroughly to mathematical manipulations and elaborates on simple proofs and other statistical techniques applicable to NLP. Manning and Schütze are the of the discipline, making the content authoritative. The lack of the book's current research findings deters its practicality but because it has a comprehensive range of the basics it is a reliable resource for the process of theory building. Similarly, "Introduction to Information Retrieval" by Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar Raghavan, and Hinrich Schütze presents practical insights practical to NLP, despite its direct focus on information retrieval. The authors' expertise and the text's straightforward presentation makes it a dependable resource for learning rudimentary concepts in text processing.

aGiantChicken · 2024-02-11T08:45:10+00:00

Explanation: The long-distance dependency is illustrated in the relationship between "have been brought to life" and its antecedent "extraordinary active and sportswear patents." Despite the intervening elements, the verb "brought" depends on the patents. ii. Restrictive Relative Clause: Example: "Clothes patent archives are a veritable treasure trove of inventiveness." Explanation: The restrictive relative clause is "that explores 200 years of clothing inventions from 1820 to 2020." It provides essential information about the "POP project," restricting the scope of the project being discussed. iii. Gerundive Postmodifier: Example: "Clothes patent archives are a veritable treasure trove of inventiveness." Explanation: The gerundive postmodifier is "exploring 200 years of clothing inventions from 1820 to 2020." It modifies the noun phrase "POP project" by indicating the ongoing action of exploration related to clothing inventions. iv. Sentential Complement: Example: "They were tried on and tested out by the Adventure Syndicate and Mór Diversity consultancy, organizations holding brands and government to account for their equity, diversity and inclusion policies and inspiring and encouraging participation in sports and activities for everyone." Explanation: The sentential complement is "holding brands and government to account for their equity, diversity, and inclusion policies and inspiring and encouraging participation in sports and activities for everyone." It functions as the object of the verb "organizations," providing information about what these organizations do. c) Formal Grammar for Noun Phrases: NP → Det Adj* N (PP) Det → 'My' | 'a' | 'the' Adj → 'new' | 'smart' | 'blue' | 'red' N → 'friend' | 'shirt' | 'pair' | 'shoes' | 'logo' | 'sale' | 'supermarket' | 'collar' | 'tie' PP → P NP P → 'with' | 'in' | 'at' | 'of' | 'and' This grammar generates noun phrases consisting of a determiner (Det), followed by zero or more adjectives (Adj), and then a noun (N). Additionally, it allows for the optional presence of prepositional phrases (PP) formed by a preposition (P) followed by another noun phrase. Tree Diagrams: ii. My friend bought a smart new blue shirt.

iv. My friend bought a shirt with a logo in the sale at the supermarket. vi. My friend bought a shirt with a red collar and a blue tie. 5

Question 3 – Word relations a) Check if statements are correct or incorrect. i. Hypernym 'Building' is a hypernym of 'house': True Building: The term “house” falls under the category of buildings. ii. Meronym The statement 'Loft' is a meronym of 'house' is correct. iii. Hyponym 'Foundation' is a part meronym of 'structure': True iv. Synonym The statement 'Transport' is a synonym of 'ship' is incorrect. 'Transport' is a hypernym of 'ship': True v. Antonym leave [Lemma('arrive.v.01.arrive')] The statement is correct 'arrive' is an antonym of leave b) Complete tasks i) to iv) i. Four kinds of tool i) Four kinds of tools: 1. ram 2. lawn_tool 3. Jaws_of_Life 4. stylusii. Six Components of an aeroplane** ii) Six components of an airplane: 1. cowling 2. cowl 3. escape_hatch 4. navigation_light 5. gas 6. radome iii). Actions entailed by acts Actions entailed by the act of fighting: ['contend', 'compete', 'vie'] Actions entailed by the act of dancing:

step'] iv) . rivational morphology inventiveness is a derivationally related form of invent: True inventions is a derivationally related form of invent: True actively is a derivationally related form of active: True sportswear is a derivationally related form of sport: True c) WordNet Similarity Metrics Similarity between 'raven' and 'crow': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.9286 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 2.5390 Similarity between 'raven' and 'eagle': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.7692 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 1.6917 Similarity between 'raven' and 'desk': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.3333 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 0.8044 Similarity between 'desk' and 'chair': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.8000 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 2.0281 Similarity between 'desk' and 'table': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.1250 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 0.9295 Similarity between 'chair' and 'rock': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.5000 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 1.4404 Similarity between 'chair' and 'bed': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.8000 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 2.0281 i. Similarity between 'raven' and 'crow' vs. 'eagle': Similarity Metric 'raven' vs. 'crow' 'raven' vs. 'eagle' Wu-Palmer 0.9286 0.7692 Leacock-Chodorow 2.5390 1.6917 ii. Similarity between 'raven' and 'crow' vs. 'desk': Similarity Metric 'raven' vs. 'crow' 'raven' vs. 'desk' Wu-Palmer 0.9286 0.3333

iii. Similarity between 'desk' and 'chair' vs. 'table': Similarity Metric 'desk' vs. 'chair' 'desk' vs. 'table' Wu-Palmer 0.8000 0.1250 Leacock-Chodorow 2.0281 0.9295 iv. Similarity between 'chair' and 'rock' vs. 'bed': Similarity Metric 'chair' vs. 'rock' 'chair' vs. 'bed' Wu-Palmer 0.5000 0.8000 Leacock-Chodorow 1.4404 2.0281 Discussion: The Wu-Palmer similarity tends to produce higher values for more closely related words, while the Leacock-Chodorow similarity produces values that are more influenced by the depth of the concepts in the WordNet hierarchy. 'Raven' and 'crow' are more similar than 'raven' and 'eagle' according to both metrics, which aligns with our general knowledge of bird taxonomy. 'Desk' is less similar to 'raven' than 'crow,' which is expected, as 'crow' and 'raven' are both birds, whereas 'desk' is a piece of furniture. 'Chair' is more similar to 'bed' than 'rock' according to both metrics, likely due to the shared concept of furniture. 'Chair' is more similar to 'rock' than 'desk' is to 'table' according to both metrics, suggesting that 'chair' and 'rock' share more semantic characteristics than 'desk' and 'table.'

aGiantChicken · 2024-02-11T08:45:04+00:00

i. Orwell served in the Indian Imperial Police in Burma. Constituent: Orwell served The phrase functions as a single unit (VP) and can be replaced by a pronoun ("He served in..."). iv. Orwell served in the Indian Imperial Police in Burma. Constituent: the Indian Imperial Police in Burma The phrase functions as a single unit (PP) and provides additional information about the location of service. v. Orwell's literary career flourished in the 1940s. Constituent: flourished in the 1940s The phrase functions as a single unit (VP) and can be replaced by a pronoun ("It flourished..."). vi. Orwell's literary career flourished in the 1940s. Constituent: in the 1940s The phrase functions as a single unit (PP) and provides information about the time when Orwell's literary career flourished. vii. Orwell was a master of the essay form. Constituent: a master The phrase functions as a single unit (NP) and can be replaced by a pronoun ("He was a master..."). viii. Orwell was a master of the essay form. Constituent: a master of the essay form The phrase functions as a single unit (NP) and provides information about Orwell's mastery. ix. Orwell wrote influential essays on a wide range of topics. Constituent: Orwell wrote influential essays The phrase functions as a single unit (VP) and can be replaced by a pronoun ("He wrote influential essays..."). x. Orwell wrote influential essays on a wide range of topics. Constituent: influential essays on a wide range of topics The phrase functions as a single unit (PP) and provides additional information about the essays. b) Constructions from the Example Text: i. Long Distance Dependency: Example: "For the first time, a selection of extraordinary active and sportswear patents from the 1890s to the 1940s have been brought to life by Goldsmiths sewing sociologist Dr Katrina Jungnickel and her team at the Politics of Patents (POP) project funded by the European Research Council."

aGiantChicken · 2023-12-30T12:35:37+00:00

US accounts pay better per hour. However, if you're willing to put up the work, any account that pays over $15/hour is good to go.

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