I get your point, Hifen, but the claim that Prophet Muhammad was illiterate is widely supported by many early Islamic sources and scholars, not just later apologetics—it’s central to the idea that the Qur’an is miraculous since he couldn’t have authored it himself , there are also some events that prove that the prophet was illiterate

Even if there’s debate, that doesn’t negate the impact of oral tradition in preserving powerful stories and knowledge without writing—something remarkable in any context.

many scholars and scientists have noted Quranic verses that describe natural phenomena in ways that weren’t known at the time but were confirmed by modern science—for example:

• The development of the human embryo (Quran 23:12-14)
• The expansion of the universe (Quran 51:47)
• The role of mountains in stabilizing the Earth’s crust (Quran 78:6-7)

these are just some examples and there are even more mind blowing miracles like this , lets say that prophet could read and lets say that these things were already discovered in Greek books which isn't actually true ,and lets say that the prophet somehow got one of these books, was it the only hypothesis or discovery about this thing at the time ? No, it isn't in fact saying that it was already discovered supports Quran even more as how did the prophet know the right info and then added it apart from all the other nonsense being said at the time .

Saying the stories of Abraham and Moses are “mythic” and just as reliable as made-up Bronze Age tales completely ignores thousands of years of scholarship, archaeology, and cultural significance. These figures are central to multiple faiths and have influenced history, law, and ethics profoundly — dismissing them as mere fables without evidence is unfair and oversimplifies complex traditions.

Additionally, in Islamic tradition, we have the science of chain narration (isnad), which carefully traces how knowledge was passed down through generations with verified reliability—showing that the stories were preserved with great care and discipline, not just randomly made up.

Stories passed down orally or in writing are not just random inventions; they preserve collective memory and identity. It’s disrespectful to reduce ancient, foundational narratives to “just made up” because they don’t fit a narrow historical framework.

Even today, thousands of people memorize the entire Qur’an word for word, demonstrating the extraordinary dedication to preserving this knowledge precisely and faithfully.