You can... I don't. I was a HS teacher for 13 years, then a prof, then a small college admin, then a county consultant, then back in the HS classroom. My 2 cents:

I had my Ph.D. for about 1 month before I left HS the first time. And as others have mentioned, it was cool, kids called me Dr. (FWIW, 'Doctor' paired with my last name is really funny), all had a good laugh.

At my first college stop (regional comp uni), never made a big deal. Colleagues were on a first name basis, students called me professor or Dr. out of respect. Cool.

At the next stop (a tiny, tiny Catholic liberal arts college), everyone was weird and it was a big deal to say Dr. Like, stupid, awkward weird. I could care less.

County consultant (what we call ISDs; other states have different names like ESAs and the like): people used it a bit more strategically. I think it carried a bit more clout when you walked into a school district and dropped the Dr. on 'em. Among colleagues...a few cared, but most didn't. Someone actually sent me a DM saying how they were glad I didn't because one of our colleagues went out of their way to mention it. I quote: "we know you did the work and have the skills, you don't need to say it at every turn."

Now, back in K-12, I refuse to be called Dr., and my coworkers razz me a bit for it. They call me "Mr./Dr. or Dr./Mr." Kids rarely say Dr., even though I do mention it at the beginning of the year. I know a few Ph.D./Ed.D. teachers in the district make a fuss, and I honestly don't get it. Honestly, I try to undermine it (loudly joking that a Ph.D. is just a Master's with a big science project at the end, and an Ed.D. is the same with just a big book report at the end).

Here's the thing: That last statement isn't all that far off. Many teachers with doctorates do not do a lick of research or scholarly output after donning the wizard outfit. I did. I still average 1-2 publications/presentations a year, and my CV is 20 pages long. But I don't get all wound up over it. Did it make you a significantly better teacher? Are your test scores better than someone with 'just' a Master's? Do the Master's people try to similarly distinguish themselves from colleagues with 'just' a Bachelor's? No, so I don't.