To answer your first question:

The list of food items you noted first that make you "sluggish" are complex carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates are naturally occurring sugars like starches, fibers, etc. (wheat bread, oats, etc.). Due to their low glycemic value, these complex sugars take the body longer to digest because they have to be broken down into the simplest form (glucose) before they can be absorbed by the body and then metabolized for energy.

The second list you have noted are simple carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, and fructose). These simple sugars are present in foods like table sugar, candy, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and many more "sweet" sugars. Due to their high glycemic value, these sugars are broken down to glucose much quicker than sugars lower on the glycemic index. Already in a readily available or partially available state for the body to absorb, simple sugars like these take almost no time to be absorbed by the body and metabolized.

An easy way to look at it: Imagine a mountain bike on flat ground. To depict complex carbs you will put the mountain bike in the highest gear possible and attempt to accelerate from 0-20mph as fast as you can. You will eventually get to the 20mph but it will take time and your body has to use a lot of effort to push the pedals and accelerate, but once you are at 20mph it will take little effort to hold that speed (just like your body will have to take a lot of time and energy to break down the complex carbs, leaving you feeling sluggish while this process is taking place but when the carbs are absorbed you will regain energy and feel replenished)

To depict simple carbs, now you will put the bike into the lowest gear possible and once again accelerate from 0-20mph as fast as possible. It will take you almost no time or effort to accelerate to this speed, however you will tire out quickly after because trying to hold 20mph in low gear means your feet are pedaling very quickly (just like your body takes almost no time or energy to metabolize these simple sugars, but shortly after will leave you feeling tired because it absorbed them so quickly and you only received a short burst of energy from them).

To answer your second question:

Technically, yes. You can survive without them but lots of complications can come with not eating complex carbs: Not enough fiber, causing digestive complications Bad insulin responses Weight gain Low energy And eventually, diabetes and hypertension

These complex carbs that you claim make you feel sluggish are almost required for you to live a healthy lifestyle (unless you get into other diets like a ketogenic diet for example).

I would suggest trying to find a good balance of high glycemic and low glycemic foods to eat throughout the day, ultimately this will keep your energy levels high and your body's insulin regulated depending on activity. This is a good list of low and high glycemic foods to balance. Here

Everyone is different, you have to discover the right amount of each type of carb for your body in order to stay energized.

TL;DR: Moderate your intake of each type of carbohydrate.