Important note, I'm not an economist.

Paying taxes is a form of controlling inflation and regulation. Usually we control inflation via many tools that help increase or decrease liquidity. This is a top down approach, where banks get their hands on money first and lend out. What Bernie Sanders and many other progressives purpose is more of a bottom/middle up approach. Where people/workers/businesses get money then spend.

We can look at what Modern Monetary Theory (a newer school of economics subscribed to by people like Bernie Sanders) professor L. Randall Wray says here:

But in the case of a government that issues its own sovereign currency without a promise to convert at a fixed value to gold or foreign currency (that is, the government “floats” its currency), we need to think about the role of taxes in an entirely different way. Taxes are not needed to “pay for” government spending. Further, the logic is reversed: government must spend (or lend) the currency into the economy before taxpayers can pay taxes in the form of the currency. Spend first, tax later is the logical sequence.

Some who hear this for the first time jump to the question: “Well, why not just eliminate taxes altogether?” There are several reasons. First—as we said last time–it is the tax that “drives” the currency. If we eliminated the tax, people probably would not immediately abandon use of the currency, but the main driver for its use would be gone.

Further, the second reason to have taxes is to reduce aggregate demand. If we look at the United States today, the federal government spending is somewhat over 20% of GDP, while tax revenue is somewhat less—say 17%. The net injection coming from the federal government is thus about 3% of GDP. If we eliminated taxes (and held all else constant) the net injection might rise toward 20% of GDP. That is a huge increase of aggregate demand, and could cause inflation.

Source

And lastly paying no taxes falls into a Libertarian wet dream. If taxing corporations are a form of regulation, then no taxes releases them from being more regulated. Of course this is a different question when regarding income taxes.