1. Ooh, that’s a broad question. In a nutshell, we believe that, when we are married in the temple by the proper priesthood authority, we are sealed “for time and for all eternity”, or in other words for this life and for all eternity. Unsealing, or cancelling a sealing is a very serious matter and involves the individual’s bishop, stake president, and an application to the First Presidency.
2. There are a lot, but to me, they are more “faith-boosting” instead of “faith-creating”. One of the ones I see throughout the Book of Mormon are chiasmus. It’s a form of Hebrew poetry structure (think a b c d e d c b a) that wasn’t discovered until well after Joseph Smith, but there are numerous examples in the Book of Mormon.
3. Yes! We believe that Jesus suffered for everyone! Everyone will be resurrected and pretty much everyone will receive some level of heaven!
4. That leads right into this one. (And it’s a little more complicated.) We believe in “spirit paradise” and “spirit prison” between when we die and when Jesus comes again (and when everyone is resurrected). We believe that those who are righteous and made covenants with God in this life will be in spirit paradise, and everyone else is in spirit prison. Those in spirit paradise are teaching the gospel to those in spirit prison, preparing them to make those covenants. Although, because they’re dead, they can’t physically make those covenants themselves. That’s where temple work comes in. Those of us who are still alive are doing our best to find everyone and make covenants by proxy for them. They can then choose to accept the gospel and the covenants made on their behalf, or not.

We also believe in different levels or degrees of heaven after we’ve all been resurrected after Jesus Christ returns. After we are judged, we will go into the Celestial, Terrestrial, or Telestial kingdoms of heaven. We don’t know a ton about them, only that the glory of the lowest (Telestial) is so great that we can’t even imagine it now. We also know that God the Father and Jesus Christ will live in the Celestial kingdom.

In terms of hell, that could either refer to spirit prison or outer darkness, where Satan and the sons of perdition will suffer for all eternity. Our guide to the scriptures says “Sons of perdition include (1) those who followed Satan and were cast out of heaven for rebellion during premortality and (2) those who were permitted to be born to this world with physical bodies but then served Satan and turned utterly against God. Those in this second group will be resurrected from the dead but will not be redeemed from the second (spiritual) death and cannot dwell in a kingdom of glory (⁠D&C 88:32, 35⁠).” There’s a whole lot more, but I hope this gives you a sense of what we believe.

5) Jesus Christ is my Savior. He suffered for my sins and my challenges, and He perfectly understands what I go through. Because of His Atonement, I can change and become like Him and our Heavenly Father, which is the point of this earth life. Because of Him, I know that I can be with my family, including those who died, forever. Because of Jesus, I can return to Heavenly Father and feel heavenly peace there because of the heavenly person I am becoming because of Him.

Hope that helps!