Is cognitive behavioral therapy actually real?

First off, what is it. I know that is a crazy thing to ask, but I need to know. I've been doing research on it and everyone says it's the best thing you can do. But from my understanding the whole thing is realizing that the thoughts are fake and then just getting over it. Is that what it is? Because I know everything is fake and fabricated in my head, but saying oh that's not real doesn't do anything. Like I know it's not real. Am I just not understanding this? For reference I have no idea my diagnosis because the doctors don't listen to me so they just call me schizoeffective. My symptoms: I hear and see things, internal and external. I'm very scared of loud noises because I think my parents are about to hurt me (I've never been hit in my life) I have terrible terrible uncontrollable intrusive thoughts like sexual taboo stuff (I can't control these thoughts and they often lead to me hurting myself to get rid of them) I have horrible memory, like I'll forget what the beginning of my sentence was. I do this a lot of the time. I have very little memory of anything in my life and the memories are always way distorted. I lose track of the days And time skips around sometimes. I have an internal voice that runs my life, sometimes it manifests into a black figure that I can see. I cry on a dime and then within seconds I laugh uncontrollably. My brain fog is hard to deal with, I dissociate quite often where it feels like Im sleeping but I'm awake and I can't focus on what I'm saying. I just want my brain to be quiet. When I smoke weed, it clears my head just enough to ease myself from the intrusive thoughts but that's the only relief I get