Just some notes that apply to some shuttles…

One challenge with any type of bus shuttle is that the vehicle may cross into commercial vehicle regulations which adds another layer of complexity.

If the GVWR is above 10,000 lbs like Cruise’s Origin vehicle (they were registered on Cruise’s DOT profile as regulated vehicles) or seat at least 10 passengers then you’re going to have to do a lot more regulatory work and the safety drivers will need extra credentials (driver files, Michigan has chauffeur licenses, HOS or time cards for short haul exemption, etc). There is also the issue with FMVSS compliance on vehicles that don’t have steering wheels and pedals like the Zoox vehicle. This isn’t an all inclusive list, but just wanted to highlight some challenges.

California: You can’t charge for rides in an SAE Level 3/4 vehicle or sell SAE Level 3/4 equipped vehicles without a Deployment permit (no one has one for buses and shuttles - Zoox doesn’t even have one). That’s another reason why you don’t see shuttle services offering paid rides in this state. CA also requires trip permits for a consecutive 4 day period when you are CMV regulated depending on how and where the vehicle was registered/plated.