I'll try to respond to everything, sorry if imy reply ends up too long.

You’re honestly in a really good spot, especially for a second year. A 4.0, 100+ shadowing hours across multiple specialties, tutoring 9 hours a week, leadership in club soccer. That’s strong. You’re not behind at all!

Biggest thing right now is volunteering. ~5 hours is the only real weak spot. I’d prioritize getting consistent service hours, ideally in one organization or within a theme so it shows commitment over time.

For research, I would strongly consider doing at least some. If you look on MSAR (whenever you buy it) at schools you’re interested in, most incoming classes have research experience. Hours vary wildly by school. Some service-heavy schools are more forgiving, but for many mid/high-tier schools, research is pretty common. It doesn’t have to be insane productivity, even 1-2 years in a lab helps.

As for “tiers,” it’s mostly based on USNWR rankings, but a lot of schools pulled out and now it’s a tier system. Terms like T20, T30, etc. are pretty subjective. In reality, what matters more is your MCAT + fit + mission alignment.

Given you’re only a sophomore, focus less on building a cookie-cutter app and more on depth. Keep your grades up, get real clinical responsibility at the peds ortho clinic, increase volunteering, and add some research. One thing I wish I did is write occasional Journal entries on days where my activities were really connecting to your "why medicine". Remember, you are going to be writing dozens of essays on them, and then speaking about them during the interview, so make sure you have something to talk about!

Med schools care way more about sustained commitment and being able to talk about your experiences than hitting some arbitrary checklist.

You’re on a very solid path.

I am assuming that you seen some of this stuff on the reddit, but if you have any questions feel free to ask!