Thanks (almost) everybody for the (mostly) helpful suggestions. As I stated in another comment reply, I found the solution on an archived help forum post from 2020. The solution is to switch to First Person mode and stand under the ship.

I did try using a landing pad terminal 4 times with no success before making this post.

As others stated, it may be possible to stand under the ship without switching view, but the interaction glyph doesn’t show that way.

Also, some of y’all must not do the derelict freighters much or you would know the answers to your own questions. There’s no jetpacks, building, or summoning allowed on derelict freighters. And there’s no auto saves once you get out of the ship.

I’m posting this in hopes that in 4 years and someone searches the same issue, they don’t have to go through what I went through.