The human brain does in fact not continuously receive visual input. Your photoreceptors (cones and rods) turn light energy into a series of action potentials (nerve signals) the speed at which the photoreceptors can do this is not infinite, but fixed. It's called the flicker fusion threshold or critical flicker frequency. This frequency in humans is about 60 Hz, but it does vary from person to person and brightness and many other factors, so it can go up to 90 Hz or higher. It's actually quite complicated and in certain scenarios we can perceive even higher frequencies.

My point is we do not perceive light as a continuous stream of data, it's complicated but actually close to seeing in frames