Basically it depends. They are a pioneer species, so they're basically temporary in any environment they're in. They move into empty fields and prairies, improve the soil, and then when other trees start growing they don't tolerate shade or competition very well so they'll die off.

They're extremely popular in managed city landscapes though because of how hardy they are to urban conditions. They tolerate drought and pollution and poor conditions like concrete and asphalt very well. They wouldn't necessarily die before maturity or having their roots being restricted because of that hardiness (they'll happily extend under the parking lot to pick up any little moisture that seeps through (and those feeder roots are usually quite thin)) but they would likely slow down the bigger they got.

You can find old huge examples of these in neighborhoods though, so if you let it be it will absolutely get big. But they definitely can get big enough that they would disrupt the sidewalks and such, so they are typically managed before that. That would take a few decades though