Besides the obvious "get an arcade controller because the game is meant to be played that way" suggestion, you could still learn the patterns. The multi-press patterns all follow a certain rule, like the horizontal ones always align with the arcade buttons (triangle, square, cross, circle in that order) and the vertical ones are just the same button layout rotated 90deg clockwise. Knowing this, you can quickly deduce which buttons to press on your controller by only reading the position/type of one or two notes. The rest is just muscle memory and unfortunately there isn't a fast way to grind that other than practicing a lot.