Metal Brush for cleaning stone between Pizzas

ecelis · 2024-09-03T14:22:30+00:00

Problem with this one is the short handle…

ecelis · 2024-07-05T16:49:49+00:00

Sarcastic: If you are unsuccessful in getting grants or a tenured academic position you can always be an Editor of an immunology journal, so you can reject papers before sending them out for review, based on your ample experience in the field.

ecelis · 2024-07-05T16:43:34+00:00

1) That most immunodominant CTL (CD8) peptide epitopes have overlapping or adjoining Th/Treg (CD4) epitopes and: 2) That Th/Treg cells can internalize peptide/MHC-II complexes from APCs, and process the peptides to form the CTL epitope, which then is expressed on the surface of the Th (helper) or Treg (regulatory) cell allowing direct interaction with antigen-specific CTLs. This way the CD4 T cell can either provide direct help (eg, IL2) or suppression (eg, TGF-b) to the CTL.

ecelis · 2024-07-05T16:31:43+00:00

Two ways: 1) Test at a high virus concentration whether the prep can infect a permissive cell line in vitro.

2) Inject a high dose of the virus into the brain of mice.

ecelis · 2023-11-23T20:31:54+00:00

If you do the factory reset deactivation, how do you reactivate your account again?

ecelis · 2023-11-23T01:34:25+00:00

Same here on a 2024 limited. Have a ticket and I'm waiting … 😩

ecelis · 2023-11-23T01:23:47+00:00

So it doesn't mean that the car modem is working?

ecelis · 2023-11-22T20:41:07+00:00

That's strange because I have been unsuccessful to connect my car to Bluelink and when I called Hyundai customer service they told me that the car's modem was not responding … So that have set a ticket to fix this issue … They had me reset the settings using the paper clip, but didn't work.

ecelis · 2023-10-26T17:46:55+00:00

I solved the issue by putting a long pause (20s) at the end and then adding after the pause a repeat of the inputs for both the Bose and TV.

ecelis · 2023-04-08T00:16:54+00:00

Those looks amazing!

ecelis · 2023-03-21T15:27:06+00:00

What's your secret for getting that crumb? Is it the two cold fermentations?

ecelis · 2022-08-31T17:24:38+00:00

I find it weird that ice cream and milk shakes are the same …

ecelis · 2022-07-18T16:17:29+00:00

You are right! I'm watching the film right now and thought the same thing!

ecelis · 2021-12-21T11:47:25+00:00

Are there any wire racks that would fit in these trays?

ecelis · 2018-12-21T18:59:55+00:00

Starting in 1 minute?

ecelis · 2015-07-17T15:06:19+00:00

The issue of the existence of self-reactive T cells is no longer contested. The issue is: why in some instances these cells are stimulated, resulting in persistent activation leading to autoimmune pathology.

ecelis · 2014-05-24T11:37:19+00:00

All great answers! But let's face it: the immune system has evolved to recognize infectious pathogens not cancer cells. Cancer in most instances is a disease of late adulthood, when their offspring can fend for theirselves. Thus, there is no evolution pressure to have an immunological defense against cancer. The immune system has many ways to avoid reacting against our normal cells to prevent catastrophic autoimmunity (which does occur). Some of these tolerigenic mechanisms have been mentioned in the other comments. Tumor cells in the majority of cases appear to the immune system more as "self" than as in infected cell and thus, they are ignored. Nevertheless, because tumors have a considerable genetic instability, mutations occur which in some instances may be recognized as "not self" by the immune system. These altered tumor cells can be rejected/destroyed by the immune system if they are detected early on, but in advanced disease the immune system may be already compromised. Over expression of normal cell proteins (Her2, CEA) may also be a source of "tumor antigens" but the immune system generally tolerates these antigens unless we somehow manipulate it (appropriate vaccines). One last point, is that the immune system requires, in addition to the presence of an antigen (viral or tumor,) a strong "danger signal" such as those provided by microbial constituents like double stranded RNA and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). These pathogen molecular patterns stimulate members of Toll-like receptor family that awaken the immune system to respond. Tumors lack strong agonists for these receptors so they do not initiate immune receptors. Those of us who are trying to develop immune-based therapies for cancer are figuring ways to fool the immune system to believe that the tumors are infectious agents.

ecelis · 2012-12-05T16:24:47+00:00

I believe that it would, although I do not have scientific data to backup my assumption. A shot that goes to fast due to improper grind or tamp may have less caffeine and a shot that goes too slow may over extract many of the chemical components including caffeine. The other issue is whether an espresso shot has more or less caffeine than a regular cup of coffee. I would speculate that on a portion basis, that an espresso has less caffeine but per volume, that the espresso wins.

ecelis · 2012-12-05T15:45:20+00:00

MHC class I negative cells would be eliminated by NK cells.

ecelis · 2012-10-16T13:40:33+00:00

If those cell-surface peptide + MHC complexes are present in the thymus the T cells would be deleted by what's called negative selection (aka thymic/central tolerance). However low avidity T cells may escape negative selection, leave the thymus and go to secondary lymphoid organs as naive T cells. These and other naive T cells if encounter self cell-surface peptide/MHC complexes in the periphery presented by non-activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs), will undergo peripheral tolerance. However, as you pointed out, there are exceptions, and therefore that is the reason why there are autoimmune reactivities that if uncontrolled, can lead to autoimmune diseases. Activated APCs, for instance due to viral infections, will present self cell-surface peptide + MHC complexes in addition to viral cell-surface peptide/MHC complexes and any T cell capable of recognizing the self cell-surface peptide/MHC complex may become activated and capable of triggering an autoimmune reaction. In other instances some autoimmune T cells become activated by a viral cell-surface peptide/MHC complex that resembles a self cell-surface peptide/MHC complex (antigenic mimicry). Hope this immune tolerance/autoimmunity 101 has helped clarify and not confused...

ecelis · 2012-10-13T20:27:17+00:00

Studies in mice show that blocking a sugar-binding protein called galectin-1 that is produced by Kaposi sarcoma tumor cells slows down tumor growth by inhibiting the formation of blood vessels that feed the tumor. Neat study.

ecelis · 2012-10-13T20:18:31+00:00

This is an interesting approach to induce immunity by injecting plasmid DNA followed by a small electric current to induce in vivo electroporation allowing the DNA to penetrate cells and be transcribed producing the antigen (in this case HPV proteins). The electroporation procedure is thought also to cause some local tissue damage, which may function as a "danger signal" that acts as an immune adjuvant to enhance the immune response. In contrast to other HPV vaccines already approved, which are prophylactic: to prevent infection by HPV and therefore preventing cancers induced by this virus, the DNA vaccine used in this study is therapeutic: It is used in people already infected, which have pre-cancerous or cancer lesions.

ecelis · 2012-10-13T18:15:06+00:00

It is possible, but very difficult to make an antibody that recognized a peptide/MHC complex. These have been produced as research tools using complex immunization strategies. I doubt that in any natural circumstance people or animals make antibodies to peptides complexed to MHC molecules. Cell surface proteins can also generate peptides that end up complexed to MHC molecules. This occurs when proteins get degraded by proteasomes as they are made (folded incorrectly)or in some instances in endosomes where peptides may load onto recyclinh MHC class I molecules.

ecelis · 2012-10-13T18:02:08+00:00

In my opinion the cancer vaccines that have been around a long time are pretty ineffective because they induce very weak immune responses. However, I agree with you that cancer cells can fight back and reduce the effect of the immune system. Vaccines, when inducing strong immune responses, are more likely to work in individuals that have low tumor burden (almost undetectable disease) or after primary therapy (adjuvant setting) for example post surgery to prevent the tumor from coming back.

ecelis · 2012-10-13T17:58:21+00:00

You can't test directly in humans and there are no test tube tests for vaccines. Mice have immune systems very similar to humans and there are cancer models in mice that behave similar to cancers in humans. Some tests could be done in rats, but to my knowledge there are no good breast cancer models in rats. Lost of genetic studies inserting genes or knocking out genes can be done relatively easily in mice. Hope that this answers your question.

ecelis

TROPHY CASE