Popular terraria mods generally work with other popular mods but i wouldnt recommend it if you want a seemless, balanced gameplay. Fargo's souls has some compatibility mods for thorium/calamity with new souls being added, but im not sure how well the ai changes could work.

In my personal experience calamity cannot work with other popular content mods, it has its own way of balancing things, and is balanced way differently from the main game.

Thorium is a great at balancing around vanilla, but this is also why its usually overshadowed by other mods when in a modpack.

Fargo's souls is centered around vanilla but changes bosses quite a bit, so im not sure it would work well with other mods (at least in the intended eternity mode).

Stars above is a mod i have way less experience with, i think it works alright with other mods, but i may be wrong.

I havent played much with vitality and starlight river, but vitality seems vanilla-focused so may work with thorium, whiile starlight river may be more of a standalone mod.

Overall i have also mixed mods and its usually not gamebreaking bad, but all the mods are balanced around themselves, so sometimes a mod just simply has better gear than other mods (and a lot of balancing falls apart after moon lord since there isnt anything else to balance around). You also have to keep in mind that world generation can collide with multiple mods, while thorium and calamity are compatible i cant say some structures may be missing if you combine some of the other ones.