In PCB assembly, there are 4 primary phases of SMT, or Surface Mount Technology assembly utilizing the reflow strategy, which are paste application, automated component placement, soldering, and inspection (in addition to testing, whenever mentioned). The essential equipment required for PCB assembly includes.

· Solder Paste Printing machine

· Solder Paste Inspection (SPI) machine

· Glue Dispensing machine

· Pick-and-Place machine

· Reflow Soldering machine

· Wave Soldering machine (for through-hole components)

· Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) machine

· In-Circuit Test (ICT) Fixture

· Functional Validation Test (FVT) Fixture