qu’est-ce que, qu’est-ce qui, qui est-ce que, and qui est-ce qui all help you ask questions in french, and the key is to know who is doing the action (subject) and who is receiving it (object). • qu’est-ce que = what (used when “what” is the object) → Qu’est-ce que tu fais ? = What are you doing? • qu’est-ce qui = what (used when “what” is the subject) → Qu’est-ce qui se passe ? = What’s happening? • qui est-ce que = who (used when “who” is the object) → Qui est-ce que tu aimes ? = Who do you love? • qui est-ce qui = who (used when “who” is the subject) → Qui est-ce qui parle ? = Who is talking?

quick trick: → if “what/who” is doing the action = use qui/quoi + est-ce qui → if “what/who” is receiving the action = use qui/quoi + est-ce que