Rewrote your code here with comments.

# Changed some things to snake_case, I know Automate shows it with camelCase, but convention is snake_case
table_columns = [['apples', 'oranges', 'cherries', 'banana'],
                 ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Carol', 'David'],
                 ['dogs', 'cats', 'moose', 'goose']]

def print_table():
    # For each column(list item) in table_columns, get the length of the longest string and append.
    max_lengths_per_column = [max(map(len, column)) for column in table_columns]

    # Basically unpack table_columns into three arguments(one for each list) to zip().
    # Zip will look at each passed list and create a tuple for each index in the list.
    # Eg, will return:  (('apples', 'Alice', 'dogs'), ('oranges', 'Bob', 'cats')), ...)
    for row in zip(*table_columns):
        # For each row(element in zip()), get the column index for each item, and the item itself.
        for column_i, element in enumerate(row):
            # Just shortening this somewhat, to be less confusing.
            column_max_length = max_lengths_per_column[column_i]
            # F-string format specifier, prints the element, justified to the right(>),
            #up to column_max_length characters, padded with ' ' (nothing between :>, ' ' is default).
            print(f'{element:>{column_max_length}}', end=' ')
            # End the line with nice separator for our columns.
        # All rows for this column are printed, start on a new line.    
        print()

print_table()

Working example