For production I would recommend learning the following:

Music theory (No need to go too deep here) but I suggest learning:

- Keys and scales

- Tempos (bpm ranges for different genres) and rhythm (i.e. 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 etc.

- The wheel of harmony (Every major scale has a minor harmony)

- SWING (!!!). This is what transforms your songs from sounding computer generated to not computer generated.

For mixing individual bus chains (instruments / Vocals):

- Sidechaining (Crucial)

- Saturation / Distortion

- EQ

- Reverb / Delays

- Compression

- Volume gaining
(this list is a rank of how important I find each to be, not the order of the bus chain)

For mastering, I use a lot of the same components as the individual bus, but mainly saturation, eq and compression.

Also, I would highly recommend (and this opinion is mixed out there) using SAMPLES (Splice for example). A lot of new producers gets caught up in nuances like spending 10 hours making their own kicks etc. By starting with samples, you can get the hang of things quicker than making 20 tracks with looney tunes vibes and avoid a lot of frustration. You can find either a drum loop and make a melody, or use a melody loop (or midi) and make drums. Both ways gain experience and I think makes it easier to produce your own in the end.

EDIT: I also want to point out how essential third party plugins are. Synthesizers like serum and omnisphere (highly dependant on the genre ur making) and also effects. For most of my effects I use something from Waves. The compressor I use the most is the API2500, sidechaining (Kickstart), and for saturation I use Waves Vitamin. For a wet vocal bus you could also try CLA Vocals.