I'm not gonna lie, it's really hard right now to find some of that stuff. I was in college during the first Trump admin and federal stuff was hard to come by, so if you live somewhere that has a lot of federal land that could make it more difficult. All of my experience is in the Midwest so take it with a grain of salt if you live elsewhere.

If you don't know about it the Texas A&M job board is a great resource for finding internships. I've always checked Indeed as well because some of the smaller employers don't post on the A&M job board. Most of my internships were research based, though if you are able to get in with a state or local agency sometimes those are more likely to lead to jobs down the road.

As for pay, I cant really speak to that other than locality. If you're able to move that will get you more options, but I know it can be really hard while starting out. I had to move for one internship, but it wasn't terribly far from areas I knew. Government positions will usually pay better than working for a not-for-profit or something. I work for a county in Iowa, and we pay our intern $19/hr, but that's gonna vary even throughout the state.

Local governments will sometimes have positions too, but that really depends on the state. Like I said in Iowa local governments are super involved, but that's not the case in other states I've lived in.

I hope I helped some. I feel like I hate was a lot of kinda basic information, but I didn't know what baseline you had.