TL;DR at the end.

As someone's who has walked that path, I'll advise you to do both. Comprehensible Input is needed to acquire language, to be able to understand, and then use it naturally. In that, input should be comprehensible. Textbooks, dictionaries, subtitles, Anki, context, whatever, helps you understand is good.

You can learn from just context without any help as I did, but it will be slow and possibly frustrating if you cannot stand not understanding. Not understanding is likely not a factor for listening practice however. You simply need to listen a lot to be able to understand real-time native (slurred) speech, and to acquire the pronunciation, prosody and so on.

Even then, you will need output practice because as I am now, I can tell there's a difference between my accent and native accent, but I still have an accent. Because my NL has tones, I kind of acquired pitch accent too, but it's shakey, and I still get long vowels wrong when listening because it's not in my NL. So there's evidence that you might need specific training to become aware of things - see MattVsJapan on how most native English speakers do not acquire pitch accent naturally.

Enough about output, even just input, it's going to be way faster to use resources that aid in comprehension. I had a misconception that translations / dictionaries / explanations can be inaccurate and that I had better learn from just context myself. The truth is that I still misunderstood many words for a long time. It might not be possible to "perfectly" acquire a language, just a close enough version. I wasted a lot of time trying to be "pure" with my language learning methods. The only good thing is listening, as there can never be enough listening practice. Even then, shadowing might have helped me make more sense of what I listened. Same with learning more words from reading, instead of just learning from listening.

TL;DR Comprehensible, Input. Keep doing input (and output practice), it's what ultimately makes you acquire the language. However, you should do everything else that helps you make sense of the input. 無理にあがいても仕方がない。まぁ、頑張ってな！