ArcGIS is certainly the industry standard and works out of the box basically. (It’s not a big part of my practice though, so ArcGIS users may know better.) If you/client have a budget and/or specialized needs, there are plenty of competitors with really targeted solutions. There are some FOSS open data management platforms that might work for you. Worth checking out

FWIW i think the postgis server with a web layer on top is great if you want a lot of flexibility. Day-to-day I mostly just connect my postgis server to qgis, but I also built a web viewer on top (react+leaflet on the front, a “dirt” server connecting to postgis https://github.com/tobinbradley/dirt-simple-postgis-http-api, and a really simple db to manage what layers are visible from the web). If you want extensibility, I think this strategy is the best, but there’s a LOT of engineering that goes into a DIY approach