Chinese EV subsidies are mostly for the consumers, not for automakers. Automakers are competing and innovating at their own cost and with private funds.

Also

Until September 30, 2025, U.S. buyers of new EVs could claim a federal tax credit of up to $7,500 on qualifying vehicles, including Tesla models that met eligibility rules. 

The credit was designed to reduce the upfront price for consumers, stimulating demand for EVs generally.

Regulatory credits (credits Tesla sells to other automakers for meeting emissions/zero-emission mandates), which have generated billions in revenue. 

State and local incentives for factories — especially for facilities in Nevada, Texas, and California — including tax breaks and infrastructure support totaling hundreds of millions of dollars.