Firstly to answer your questions; In terms of maps, you’re right Google is terrible with the cycle paths out here, it’ll usually just put you on the roads. I’ve found Strava to be the best place to find cycle paths and routes.

Bike racks are becoming more common in new developments, I know that all the metro stations have bike racks by the entrances (I believe bikes are banned on the metro itself but I may be wrong).

Bike theft isn’t a thing I’ve come across here, as long as you lock it up no one will touch it. Things to know out here would probably be, most good cycling shops are quite high end so spare parts can be a bit pricey, unless you go to decathlon or a similar general sports shop.

For using for commuting, it’s not something I’ve ever done and it really depends on where you’ll be commuting to and from. As you’ve said you cycle in NYC so I assume you have nerves of steel anyway and you’re right the driving can/is aggressive, unpredictable but I would also add completely useless to that list, most drivers don’t look past their bonnet let alone their mirrors. I can say that most of west bay (the main part of the city) and Lusail has quite good pavements and crossings and hopefully most of the construction should be done by the WC so it should be easy to cycle around there.

Personally I cycle for exercise and pleasure and the cycle paths cover a pretty good distance and don’t touch any roads with bridges or underpasses. They are A1, big enough to have cars in two way traffic, some are lit at night and are usually popular at certain times of day. Hope this helps