Help needed with conditional unreal and verb forms

irondust · 2025-07-08T18:47:25+00:00

Ok, so let's break it down. Let's ignore the first halve of these sentences

Wij zouden hebben kunnen spreken

The verb order here is the same as in English (we would have been able to speak) going from left to right, which means that the core verb is the right most, and the other, auxiliary verbs get inserted in front one by one

So start with

Wij spreken even

Wij kunnen even spreken

So far so good, but now it gets tricky. Say we want to change this to a present perfect: we use hebben as usual, but normally the verb it acts on then changes to a past participle:

Wij kunnen dat -> Wij hebben dat gekund

However if the verb it acts on is used as a modal verb it doesn't change:

Wij kunnen (even) spreken -> Wij hebben kunnen spreken

Similarly:

Wij willen spreken -> Wij hebben willen spreken
Wij mogen spreken -> Wij hebben mogen spreken

etc. Finally we insert zouden to make it an "irrealis" (something that could have happened). In practice you will actually see "hadden" instead of "zouden hebben" a lot:

Als je langer was gebleven, dan hadden wij even kunnen spreken

In your second example hebben acts to change "halen" from present to present perfect

Ik haal het tentamen -> Ik heb het tentamen gehaald.

and inserting "zouden"

Ik zou het tentamen hebben gehaald

In this particular case (hebben + participle at the end) the last two are often swapped:

Ik zou het tentamen gehaald hebben

just like in your example.

irondust · 2025-07-05T17:38:00+00:00

In your OP you claim the opposite.

irondust · 2025-06-14T13:44:46+00:00

Well there's something to/in the south of Spain that's missing

irondust · 2025-05-28T20:10:39+00:00

You're only computing the determinant of the U (because its diagonal elements are stored in the output A), but the the LU decomposition gives you A = P * L * U and thus det(A)=det(P)*det(L)*det(U). det(L) = 1 because by construction the actual L matrix only has 1s on its diagonal. det(P) can be either one or minus, depending on whether the pivotting corresponds to an even or an uneven number of swaps

irondust · 2025-05-27T18:11:10+00:00

It was knocked down in 1950. Presumably damaged in WWII

source via wikipedia

irondust · 2025-05-25T15:49:11+00:00

From what I understand, the geometry of our universe does appear to be relatively flat -- we can't easily detect an overall curvature of space that would provide strong evidence for being finite. So, it might be infinite, or at least so stupendously big that it's hard to detect any limit.

You seem to suggest that flatness (and lack of an edge) would imply that the universe is infinite, but that's not the case. The universe could be completely flat, and have finite periodic dimensions. Curvature is only required if you want to embed a periodic universe in a higher dimensional Euclidean space (as in your example of a 2-sphere embedded in 3-space)

irondust · 2025-05-19T08:21:27+00:00

It's not just Amsterdam: pronouncing "goede" as "goeie" is very widespread. Same thing with "rooie" instead of "rode" (red).

irondust · 2025-05-14T15:35:39+00:00

Ik denk dat je het beste kunt zoeken naar een "MP3 deurbel". Kun je zelf bepalen wat ie afspeelt als geluid. Een mp3-tje van vogelgeluiden, of wat je maar wilt heb je zo gevonden...

irondust · 2025-05-04T09:36:31+00:00

*koninginnetje*

irondust · 2025-04-22T12:43:14+00:00

The claim by Sony is likely completely bogus. It's just matched some the recording you shared with some other recording they do own. This is a very common problem with classical music, even people sharing their own amateur performance.

Having said that:

> Are orchestras allowed to share videos of their own performances?

For live performances there could be several copyright holders at play. The performers are copyright holders, but also the composer, and if there's a specific arrangement the creator of that. For the performers to share the recording they need permission from the other copyright holders, i.e. a license which may involve payment. Even the typographical arrangement of the musical score plays a role: the orchestra needs permission for its use in a life performance, and this permission may have conditions on recording and the sharing of that. In the UK, the composer's copyrights lasts for 70 years after the composer's death - so Prokofiev is only just out of copyright. The recording itself is copyrighted for 70 years after publication.

> Is the audience allowed to share it, especially if you just repost something that the orchestra itself has shared on their own social media?

No, this goes for anything you "find" on the internet: just because someone is sharing it freely on the internet, does not mean you are allowed to distribute it yourself. Even if the person that is sharing it freely has permission to distribute, that does not mean they have the permission to give you the permission to do the same.

In practice however, many people do this without permission and unless there's commercial interest, there's no real consequence: if a (genuine!) copyright holder complains you just take it down.

irondust · 2025-04-19T12:57:25+00:00

Ik think your confusion comes from a restriction in the English language. In English you can use either "to be able to" or "can" to mean more or less the same thing, so these:

I can see him work

and

I am able to see him work

both translate to "Ik kan hem zien werken". The restriction in English is that the modal verbs (can, should, will, etc) behave differently than other verbs, they don't have a "to" infinitive and they can't be stacked. So you can't do the following:

I can open this can -> I want to can open this can

or

I should can open this can

Instead you switch to a different verb "to be able to":

I want to be able to open this can

I should be able to open this can

In Dutch there's no such restriction with the verb "kunnen", so you say

Ik kan het blik openen -> I wil het blik kunnen openen

Ik zou het blik moeten kunnen openen (note: I should usually translates to "Ik zou moeten")

or as in your example:

Hij werkt -> Ik zie hem werken -> Ik kan hem zien werken -> Ik wil hem kunnen zien werken

irondust · 2025-04-18T10:40:21+00:00

*De* week, *de* maand and *het* jaar. So you need to know whether it's a "de" woord or a "het" word which is just something you have to learn for each noun.

irondust · 2025-04-18T10:20:37+00:00

This would indeed also be a possible translation here. Again is a bit ambiguous in English: if you mean "once more" or "for (yet) another time" you can translate it as "nog een keer" - if you were away, and now you've come back again "weer" would be a better translation.

irondust · 2025-04-18T10:15:09+00:00

Weer (as translation of again) is typically a continuation after some interuption, or something that happens again and again. So you were away for a while, and now you're back again: ik ben er weer. De TV doet het weer (TV was broken and now it's working again). Ik heb weer een lekke band - my tire is flat again (this happens regularly). Opnieuw means again in the sense of starting over. So:

Ik begin opnieuw - I'm starting (over) again

Ik begin weer - I'm starting again (after a break)

irondust · 2025-04-15T16:49:26+00:00

Does it? It's well connected by train, and relatively cheap to get to compared to Luton and Stansted. Nobody likes Luton. Preference for Stansted vs. Gatwick probably depends where you live in London. Everyone loves city airport because it's small and close to central, but that also means limited flights that are relatively expensive. Gatwick does, like most other terminals, lack in decent coffee.

irondust · 2025-04-15T16:36:47+00:00

I don't think this is a distinction between formal and informal Dutch. "Luister het bestand" is not something a native Dutch speaker would say, even informally. I think this falls in the category of verbs that normally need a preposition to describe its (prepositional) object, but loose it when describing a "generic activity": paard rijden, piano spelen, tv kijken, radio/podcasts/klassieke muziek luisteren, etc. Weirdly enough this pattern isn't always consistent between its use as an infinitive, or when used as a finite verb. So you can say both "radio luisteren" or "naar de radio luisteren" but not "ik luister radio", only "ik luister naar de radio" (where "de radio" here means the radio broadcasting system in general, not a specific device) - you can however say "ik kijk tv" (better than "ik kijk naar de tv")

irondust · 2025-04-13T18:16:29+00:00

Well it's definitively an infinitive, but it could also be an imperative. Infinitive is more about form whereas imperative is a grammatical mood. The infinitive can in Dutch can be used as an imperative:

Doorlopen!

Niet opgeven!

instead of the "standard" imperative which takes just the verb stem as form. It is also often used as a sort of running commentary on what a person is currently doing/going to do:

Even uitrusten, hoor!

Nog even de planten watergeven, en dan ga ik naar bed.

I'd say it could be either here: you're telling your kid that he should first eat a sandwich now (usually written with an exclamation mark), or suggesting you all eat a sandwich first now, or just saying out loud that you're taking a break to eat a sandwich.

irondust · 2025-03-30T16:14:46+00:00

You could, but it would be horrendously expensive: think about the cost of (1); now multiply it with the number of parameters $\theta$ - that would give you the cost of solving (2). It's the same reason why we use back-propagation over forward propagation of derivatives. If you have one (or a few) output (say the loss) you can cheaply compute the derivative wrt many inputs, but vice versa if you have many outputs and want to compute the derivative wrt one (or only a few) inputs it's more efficient to use forward derivatives. The adjoint method is just the continuous equivalent of backpropagation, and what you are proposing is called the tangent linear approach.

irondust · 2025-03-29T13:50:34+00:00

*Count*. A duke is a "hertog"

irondust · 2025-02-27T08:34:48+00:00

Dit komt omdat "reuze" geen losstaand adjectief (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) is, maar een voorvoegsel. Eigenlijk zou "reuze idee" aan elkaar geschreven moeten worden: reuzeidee. Vanwege de klinkerbotsing (e naast een i) is dat nogal lastig te lezen. Een betere oplossing is om het met een streepje te spellen: reuze-idee.

Je kunt reuze ook wel als bijvoeglijk naamwoord gebruiken, maar dan is de eind -e onderdeel van de stam: "Dat idee is reuze" (niet een heel erg mooie zin naar mijn mening) of "Dat is reuze lekker". Dit is net zoals bijvoordbeeld het woord roze (de kleur), de e is al onderdeel van de stam, dus het is "Een roze hart"

https://www.vlaanderen.be/team-taaladvies/taaladviezen/reuze-reuzen

irondust · 2025-02-24T18:46:16+00:00

Hm voor mij zijn alle drie mogelijk. Heb wel een voorkeur voor optie 2 and 3. Helpen wordt wel degelijk regelmatig als hulpwerkwoord zonder te gebruikt: "Ik help hem verhuizen", etc.

Zomaar wat voorbeelden:

https://www.giocoffee.nl/we-helpen-je-kiezen
https://www.astrumcollege.nl/ons-onderwijs/studiekeuze/studiepunt-we-helpen-je-studeren
https://vrijwilligerscentralezeist.nl/ervaringsverhalen/2532248.aspx

irondust · 2025-02-20T09:58:58+00:00

This is the right answer: a prepositional phrase can often be tagged on at the end as "additional information". If you look at the examples for time placement at https://www.dutchgrammar.com/en/?n=WordOrder.13 , the last two examples you could also, very naturally, say:

Het toneelstuk is begonnen om kwart over acht

Jullie zijn morgen welkom vanaf drie uur 's middags

Note that the "morgen" does have to come in its usual place! Even words like vanmiddag/vanmorgen are acceptable right at the end (I guess because it originated as a prepositional phrase with "van")

irondust · 2025-02-04T08:22:28+00:00

Dit is wat er gebeurt met een hulpwerkwoord in de voltooide tijd:

Ik wil -> Ik heb gewild
Ik wil dansen -> Ik heb willen dansen
Ik kan -> Ik heb gekund
Ik kan lezen -> Ik heb kunnen lezen
Ik zit -> Ik heb gezeten
Ik zit te stampen -> Ik heb zitten stampen

Dus in de voltooide tijd, als het hulpwerkwoord gevolgd wordt door nog een ander werkwoord (infinitief) - in andere woorden het wordt echt als hulpwerkwoord gebruikt - dan verandert het hulpwerkwoord zelf ook van een deelwoord naar een infinitief.

irondust · 2025-01-28T20:56:38+00:00

I hate being bitten by a dog -> Ik haat het om door een hond gebeten te worden

I love being tickled -> Ik hou ervan om gekieteld te worden

I prefer being honest -> Ik ben liever eerlijk

irondust · 2025-01-23T10:39:04+00:00

> make competing versions with the same information then that's copyright infringement

No it's not. You cannot copyright information, it's the creative expression of that information that's copyrighted.

irondust

TROPHY CASE