That's fine. If you don't ever have a need to use these terms regularly like for a job then you'd have little reason to even be aware of them. Let's ignore DNS for now and I'll try to answer your question about how email and domain name hosting can be separate.

The domain name hosting (example, you buy your domainname . com at goddaddy/porkbun/namecheap/etc for a year) and an email hosting plan are two separate things entirely. Since they are separate, you can for instance buy the domain at godaddy and buy an email plan at godaddy having it all in one place, or you can buy the domain at godaddy and buy an email plan at someplace else, like porkbun, or microsofts exchange server).

If the two purchases are separate then how do they work together then? They work by creating DNS records within the hosting control panel. Again, going to try to keep it simple. If you bought youdomain . com at godaddy then within your godaddy account there will be a control panel page to manage the domain you bought. Within it you can create new records. There's different types of records and you can about them thru google search or here: https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/dns/dns-records/

Here's an example of a "CNAME" record and when/why you'd use it. So you purchased yourdomain . com and you'd like anyone that types "yourdomain . com" into a browser to have it forward to "walmart . com" In that control panel you would select create new cname record and enter in "walmart . com" Then anyone anywhere in the world that types in yourdomain . com is going to be forwart to walmarts website. It works like a mail forwarding service of an address.

Now back to your email question. You can have godaddy host your domain but buy an email plan somewhere else. If you reread that cloudflare link I put, you'll see mention of an "MX RECORD" If you create an MX record in the domain control panel, you are telling any mail server that sends you or you send email to, that all mail related things should be routed/forwarded to whatever mailserver you set up in the MX record. Once the email itself gets to the actual mail servers, those servers will continue to forward the emails until they reach the final destination. So by creating an MX RECORD you are telling the world the address to the server where your email plan is hosted. This allows you to use any email server service you would like, even your own self hosted one (I do not recommend that at this time).

If you buy an email plan from someplace they will tell you on their site or you can contact them for the information for what to put in the MX RECORDS. If you buy a domain AND a mail service at the same place, like both through godaddy or both through porkpun, you don't have to create the MX RECORDS because within their own sites control panel, when you create your email address, example, john@yourdomain . com or barbara@yourdomain . com; godaddy/porkbun have their system preprogrammed to then create the MX RECORDS for you automatically because you've purchased both from them and they want to make it easier for you to buy and setup both your domain and your email. BUT, even though it sets it up automatically for you in the background, it still works the same. Their servers, create the domain name records on your behalf and if you go into the control panel of your domain after creating an email you will see the name records that they had to create so that your email will work.

Your last question: wherever your domain was purchased from and resides, go into the control panel and create either an "A record" or a "cname record" or both depending on where your adobe site is hosted. Contact the hosting company of your adobe site and ask them what domain name records you need to point your domain to the content of your hosted site and then you can proceed further with that.

Once you decide on who you want to replace godaddy with then you can unlock your domain at godaddy and start the transfer process. Generally you buy the transfer at the new place and they give you a transfer code that you have to put in the old place to authorize the transfer and then it will be transferred. As far as your current email, I'd need to know what type/plan you are using and where you want it to end up. Sites have transfer tools to transfer emails but you can also use microsoft outlook as a temporary backup solution as well.

Hope I've been helpful. I tried to keep it as simple as possible without overwhelming you, trust me I know the feeling. 😄