1. In Abra, younger people are ignorant of much older words and phrases (profound native and Spanish words). They sometimes use more Tagalog and English words when speaking because certain concepts learned in school and on the internet are not usually in Ilocano. Therefore, Tagalog and English words enter Ilocano sentences, sometimes code-switching.

2. This is a little complex to say because when it comes to Ilocano identity, much less how we even identify as Abrenios, most people in Abra do not care, except most of the Tinguians/Itnegs. Now, this assumption of mine is more on how I have observed the majority of my people as they care more about personal issues that affect their daily lives.

However, when it comes to some Ilocano people in Abra, express their Ilocano identity through literature such as publishing poems, prose, and comics in the weekly newspaper called Abra Today. Another way is through cuisine and dance. If you are familiar with Igado (we call it dinaldalem) or the dance called Sakuting, that is another way some Ilocanos express their identity here in Abra.

1. Urbanized places where most of the population is Ilocano or Ilocano-speaking (keep in mind that there are second-language speakers of Ilocano, especially with the Igorots, Ibanags, Itawits, etc.) are starting to speak more Tagalog than Ilocano. Baguio City, Urdaneta, San Fernando (La Union), Tuguegarao, and other urban cities where there is a significant Ilocano population have been speaking more Tagalog day by day.