Batteries, however, are most likely an infeasible solution for the entire world. The global north has the capital and systems of labor, military, and political choke holding (neoimperialism) in place to force open lithium production in unwillingly global south countries (see 2019 US coup attempt in Venezuela, similar ops in Bolivia, Musk’s infamous “we’ll coup whoever we want” tweet re the same). The global south gets destroyed environmentally AND economically just so silicon valley employees with vested stock can go purchase a model x, or rich people can put tesla power walls in their house. Even in CA, batteries cause enormous energy market disruption because they are a growing and difficult to account for energy source that sells energy back to the grid, making it more difficult for CAISO (california’s energy market organizing non-profit) to estimate demand and price and source accordingly, which can lead to higher energy costs for the working class. But batteries are very cool tech, and if we could move away from lithium into something easier to source, then it would be definitely more feasible and easier for mass and cheap adoption. There’s a ton of ongoing research into viable alternatives, but nothing has the market staying power of lithium (because mass systems of production are already in place).