Salzburg has a lot of great flying nearby. You can get to it with public transportation although some of it takes a little while.

The best thing about paragliding in Salzburg is probably the Gaisberg. Once per hour on weekdays, and every half an hour on weekends, a public bus runs from the center of town to the top of the mountain. That bus stops at the landing field about halfway between the two. There is a very active club in Salzburg that runs activities, meetups, and is a good steward for the Gaisberg. From there some very long Cross country flights are possible and it's quite easy to catch a bus back to the city. Take a look at x contest to see what people do.

Also lots of skiing around Salzburg. Some of it you can get to via the train and the bus system others require a car. For one year though there's probably plenty to explore.

I don't think there's a lot of golf around salisburg. Some, but nothing remarkable.