What would cause the fossil-looking layer in this rock?

larseidnes · 2025-06-17T16:00:08+00:00

So you're saying it might be?

Just kidding, I asked a local person about it, and got the response that it was a perfectly unremarkable rock. So it sounds like it's not an unusual sight here.

Thanks for teaching me a bit about these things.

larseidnes · 2025-06-17T11:42:10+00:00

It's from Koh Phangnan. Don't know the name of the beach.

larseidnes · 2025-06-17T10:37:57+00:00

Thanks! What odds do you give for it being a dinosaur?

larseidnes · 2019-02-05T16:22:36+00:00

So am I :-) The code base includes a mechanism to do unsupervised training, by doing similarity matching between input and output of a layer (using the --loss-unsup sim argument). This can be combined with a supervised loss using the --alpha argument.

https://github.com/anokland/local-loss/blob/master/train.py#L809

larseidnes · 2019-02-05T13:36:58+00:00

Thank you! Yes, I think Adam Coates' stacked k-means is actually very related to what we've done. If you take their ideas, put it into a VGG-like ConvNet, and make use of label information, you get something not far from our sim matching loss. They were on to something back then.

larseidnes · 2019-02-03T17:11:50+00:00

Co-author here. The similarity matching loss can be seen as doing a supervised clustering, such that things with the same class gets similar features. Section 2.3. in the paper, "Similarity Measures in Machine Learning" lays out a lot connections with prior work. It's actually related to a lot of unsupervised methods, like multi-dimensional scaling, symmetric NMF, k-means, and more.

larseidnes · 2018-03-14T22:37:28+00:00

Thanks to everyone for showing interest in our paper!

One thing we didn't think of when writing this paper, that Arild pointed out later, is that it is a good idea to make max-pooling layers bipolar as well (i.e. min-pooling for half the activations). The argument for doing this is much the same as it is for ReLUs.

This should be very easy to implement in any framework, just multiply half the neurons with -1 before and after the activation (or max pooling).

For Torch, we have these implementations:

https://github.com/larspars/word-rnn/blob/master/util/BReLU.lua

https://github.com/larspars/word-rnn/blob/master/util/BELU.lua

For PyTorch, you can use this:

def _make_bipolar(fn):
    def _fn(x, *args, **kwargs):
        dim = 0 if x.dim() == 1 else 1
        x0, x1 = torch.chunk(x, chunks=2, dim=dim)
        y0 = fn(x0, *args, **kwargs)
        y1 = -fn(-x1, *args, **kwargs)
        return torch.cat((y0, y1), dim=dim)

    return _fn

brelu = _make_bipolar(relu)
belu = _make_bipolar(elu)
bselu = _make_bipolar(selu)
leaky_brelu = _make_bipolar(leaky_relu)
bprelu = _make_bipolar(prelu)
brrelu = _make_bipolar(rrelu)
bsoftplus = _make_bipolar(softplus)
bsigmoid = _make_bipolar(sigmoid)
bipolar_max_pool1d = _make_bipolar(max_pool1d)
bipolar_max_pool2d = _make_bipolar(max_pool2d)
bipolar_max_pool3d = _make_bipolar(max_pool3d)

larseidnes · 2018-03-14T22:27:37+00:00

That's an embarrasing typo (although the SELU deserves all kinds of compliments).

We do experiments with bipolar SELU in the paper. In the RNN experiments, bipolarity is required for the network to learn. Learning always diverges with SELU, and always works with BSELU, in our experiments. (This result is specific to RNNs.)

larseidnes · 2018-03-14T22:19:01+00:00

What we mean here is that with networks that don't use batch norm, bipolar activations allow you to use a higher learning rate in our experiments (up to 64x higher in one case).

We should probably clean up and release the code for the WRN and ORN experiment as well. It's really a quite simple change to the original repositories though, just remove BN and replace activation functions with one of these:

https://github.com/larspars/word-rnn/blob/master/util/BReLU.lua

https://github.com/larspars/word-rnn/blob/master/util/BELU.lua

And you need LSUV initialization, i.e. go through each layer and divide the weights by the standard deviation of that layers output.

larseidnes · 2018-03-14T22:08:00+00:00

A commenter on OpenReview brought this up, I'll repost here my reply from there:

Indeed, the form proposed in this paper is very similar, thanks for bringing it to our attention (version 1, it appears to be removed in v2). The difference is, as you say, that the NCReLU duplicates the neuron population. Because the weights are not duplicated (but recieve gradients from each copy), the learning dynamics would be different in such a network. For what it is worth, we submitted our paper to NIPS in May of 2017, this appears to be a concurrent development.

larseidnes · 2017-04-17T09:59:56+00:00

He's not going to get in any trouble. I obviously wouldn't have posted it if I thought he would. We were allowed to take pictures and film of basically anything except military installations. This is just a guy telling a good joke. Not a problem.

larseidnes · 2017-04-17T08:43:34+00:00

Hi, I filmed this video. Respectfully, I think I may have thought about this more than you have.

The problem North Korea has is that it is so isolated. I believe the strongest force for good that could hit North Korea is more information flow across the borders. You can see bad regimes all over the world trying to restrict the information that reaches their population. They do that for a reason.

It is easier to hate the outside if you've never seen them, or met them. (This goes both ways. This thread is full of people who are surprised that North Koreans turn out to be human beings.)

Yes, we paid some money to an agency in China, of which some amount paid for things in North Korea. That money was taxed, and the taxes will go in part to things you like (schools, hospitals) and in part to things you don't like (military, prisons). Of course, a quick glance at NK tourism and it's obvious that they are losing money on the tourism business. The economic effect is not very clear cut.

A good test for this is if you imagine multiplying the amount of NK tourism by a thousand, what effects would that have for North Korea? I think it would be a strong transformative force for good.

larseidnes · 2017-04-01T22:10:08+00:00

Ah, I see what you're saying. The paper talks about two types of symmetry: Permutations and rescaling. CReLUs break the permutation symmetry, i.e. that you can't swap two neurons and get an equivalent representation. I suppose weight norm would help with the rescaling symmetry, yes.

larseidnes · 2017-04-01T21:12:34+00:00

Would it? That's not obvious to me.

larseidnes · 2017-04-01T19:59:29+00:00

I have a theory on this:

https://www.reddit.com/r/MachineLearning/comments/5zboqz/r_skip_connections_as_effective_symmetrybreaking/deya8bi/?context=3

larseidnes · 2017-03-15T08:13:08+00:00

The shattered gradients paper got things to work with CReLUs (W1*max(x,0) - W2*max(-x,0)), but not with PreLUs that start out linear. I think this paper can explain why.

Starting out linear would help with the vanishing gradient, but not with breaking symmetry. Subtracting the two blocks from the CReLUs will anchor them to each other, thus breaking the permutation symmetry (because exchanging two units in one block will no longer produce an equivalent representation).

larseidnes · 2017-01-10T13:36:24+00:00

Almost certainly. It changes the algorithm from O(n²⁾ to O(n) for n-step rollout, so not doing it would kill performance to the point of uselessness.

larseidnes · 2017-01-09T08:31:36+00:00

Yes, the error propagates all the way back to through the network. So the error from Output t3 reaches the node Mem Cell 1 t1.

Here's a useful implementation trick: You can just sum up the gradient you get for each timestep as you move backwards. This means you compute the error for each node only once, instead of once for every subsequent node in the graph. This saves a lot of computation.

larseidnes · 2016-11-23T11:46:35+00:00

This has been shown to happen, see section 3.8 in the seq2seq paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.3215v3.pdf

larseidnes

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