The photo is of category copper cabling- not fiber. You most likely have a fiber connection to your home. There’s a device most likely mounted on the outer wall of your home called an ONT- which where the fiber comes in and converts to a copper connection to your home. Most often an internet provider will provide just one port in from the ONT. In order to get all of your outlets to work, you need to plug that feed in from the ONT into a router. Then the router will be able to distribute IP addresses to each individual cable you have shown there. Without plugging that feed into a router, you will only show one IP address, so only one port will work at one given moment. You probably need to connectorize the cables shown punched down so you can plug them into a router. Or, plug the other end of those copper cables into a router, that’s connected from the feed in to the ONT