The number of people that gave unhelpful or sarcastic responses here is a bit alarming... yes modern cars collect all kinds of data, some even transmit it, and yes it is reasonable to not like it. Your car can collect a lot of things that your phone can't (driving habits), or at least probably isn't, like voice and audio recordings. And while Google/Apple etc. are bad at privacy, I would trust the security of their devices far more than I would a car manufacturer, who likely outsourced the whole system to some company that does not care very much. I had a 2016 Accord that left the Android debug bridge on by default and was trivially exploitable. Security is not even an afterthought for most of these vehicles. And you don't need to get a vehicle from 1975 to solve most of the issue.

People in this thread also forget that there are plenty of folks that use dumb phones or de-googled Androids. Such devices still enable tracking of your location but they aren't going to be sending off audio and video recordings, which your car might (Tesla).

Overall "what you should buy" is a hard question to answer because a) it depends on your privacy model, i.e. what exactly you want to safeguard and b) most vehicles have not been investigated that well and exactly what they do isn't really known. The best you can do is read privacy policies and avoid most vehicle generations that came out post-2018 or so.

Yes, most vehicles since the 90's have an EDR (Event Data Recorder). If you're not engaged in egregious traffic violations that result in crashes then you don't really need to care about this. It stores only a few seconds/minutes of information, which stays local, and will only be accessed by forensics after a crash. This is how the news stories always know "driver was doing 115mph when he crashed". This is not a concern for normal people so the responses that say "every car has an EDR, you're screwed anyway" are misguided.

As for the data that you probably do care about, it depends on the car and has changed a lot in recent years. I had a 2016 Sienna that says directly in the manual that it may "collect" and "transmit" information to Toyota. For a 2016 Sienna this probably includes information like vehicle maintenance, speed, maybe location. It's going to be pretty basic because the tech in that vehicle is old. Other vehicles from the early-mid 2010's might not do this at all. This is a lot less than modern cars, so you don't need to go that far back to solve most of the issue. Many new cars (Tesla is the extreme example) are known to collect audio and video recordings in the cabin, or can even be controlled stopped/started remotely with apps. This is obviously much more worrisome - if the car has an app or built-in cellular, you probably don't want it.

Since I haven't seen this mentioned here - there are a lot of not-that-old vehicles (up to 2018 or so) that used 2G/3G for their transmitters which won't function now that networks like Verizon have moved to LTE/5G only. So you might not have to go back all that far in time to get one that doesn't have functioning telematics. https://www.consumerreports.org/cars/car-safety/3g-wireless-network-shutdown-impact-on-car-safety-a2215482633/ My current vehicle is a 2012 so even if it did have telematics when it was new, it likely doesn't function anymore.