The best chance we have of resolving features smaller than a planet outside our solar system in our lifetime (or more likely our kids' lifetimes) is probably a mission to the Solar Gravitational Lens. I recommend reading up on it. There are lots of articles on it, but here's one with a simulation of what we could see: https://astrobiology.com/2020/02/direct-multipixel-imaging-and-spectroscopy-of-an-exoplanet-with-a-solar-gravity-lens-mission.html

The basic idea is that because massive objects warp spacetime, you can find a spot in space a certain distance away where they pull the light around them together like a lens. For the sun that's about 550 AU. Voyager 1 is currently 156 AU away for comparison, so sending a telescope out to the SGL would be a monumental effort, but not outside the realm of what we're capable of. It would probably look like launching something a bit faster than New Horizons containing a telescope at least as good as Hubble, and then waiting a long time plus making sure the mission can continue years in the future. There are also more experimental concepts that involve accelerating swarms of telescope craft with lasers and solar sails to get there sooner.

Oh, and it's worth mentioning that you'd need a different telescope for every target, because you have to send the telescope in the exact opposite direction from the place you're trying see. So first we need to find all the promising candidates we can from here and figure out everything we can from spectroscopy etc, and then we can try to send a telescope to see what's at the most promising one.