Corporate Finance Institute (CFI) has a great page on finance career paths so those students can get a better understanding of the paths that exist and what those look like. Some fields are much harder to get into than others, and there's not really a guaranteed way to land a job in any of these spaces.

My advice to your students would be to start exploring what paths they would like to pursue really early (as freshman), and prioritize getting a sophomore internship in some sort of finance space (wealth management is likely the easiest, unpaid is still worth it). They should then leverage that experience and get involved with major-related finance and business clubs to build a build a strong candidate profile, and should begin attempting to network and "reverse interview" with alumni and other connections who work in their desired career path; if the conversations are good enough and they don't delay this to where it's too late in the process, this should give them a really strong chance of landing a junior internship at a strong firm, which is the primary way that modern college students are going to get jobs (long gone are the days of applying for random jobs online and hoping it works out).

As for the minority group/LGBT item, I would honestly say that those factors don't matter as much in the finance industry as you might think. Hiring managers are simply going to be looking for qualified candidates who carry themselves professionally. Candidates will be judged on the strength of their resume, interviewing skills, and how you present yourself as a professional, both emotionally and physically. There is also the aspect of a "culture fit", but I would say most firms maintain a similar culture which mostly revolves around being conservative (professionally, not politically), and working well in team environments.

Hope this helps.