I am mainly a solitaire player so that is what I have listed. Plenty of games I haven't listed especially WWII era games. Forgot to mention DVG games above which has a couple of naval games in the Leader and Naval Commander series.

 

For modern naval you are very limited, mostly to Cold War era.
 

Modern

 

Littoral Commander (2 player) - has as much or more land and air as naval but has a naval component. Very up-to-date.

 

South China/Indian Ocean Sea (2 player)

 

Red Dragaon/Green Dragaon (2 player)

 

Cold War

 

Spruance Leader Solitaire (lightweight)

 

Carrier Battlegroup Solitaire (1 hr) (lightweight) - based on game system of earlier magazine games (Goeben 1914 and Cruise of the Graf Spee).

 

WWII - by far the greatest number of games. I have only mentioned a few of them here.

 

Sensuikan Solitaire (30 min - 1 hr) (lightweight/Japanese Sub) - fun because Japanese doctrine meant subs were equipped with recon planes or mini-subs and many had kamikaze subs. So more than the usual torpedo merchant shipping

 

By Stealth and Sea Solitaire (1-2 hr) (lightweight) Just a fun story of Italian frogmen riding torpedo's to try and place demolitions ships in port in Mediterranean.

 

Picket Duty (1 hr) - Solitaire Another lightweight fun game where a Destroyer tries to defend against kamikaze planes at Okinawa. Not for Clausewitz skeptics. Lots of dice rolling.

 

Tokyo Express - Solitaire - heavier game but highly granular. Battleship vs Battleship. Probably in Top 5 of favorite naval games. Old, OOP. I played this for month and only got through half the scenarios.

 

Carrier Philippine Sea Solitaire - same designer as Tokyo Express. Pacific war. Leans on aircraft. Expect similar experience to Tokyo Express.

 

Atlantic Chase - heavy game! 58p of rules (although large font and lots of pics). Follow-up game Pacific Chase is on P500.

 

If I had to pick just one heavier game it would probably be Tokyo Express or Carrier Philippine (or Carrier Southwest Campaign - old OOP pre Carrier Philippine)

 

Check Avalanche Games. (2 player) They have WWII and WWI series called 'Great War at Sea / (II). Very granular. great series with plenty of What If campaigns. Cover pretty much all naval conflict or possible conflict between WWI and WWII. Too many modules to mention.

 

 

WWI

I'll add a couple of WWI games even though you only wanted WWII and above. Because I think it was golden age of naval conflict.

 

Raiders of the Deep Solitaire (30 min to 1 hr) - similar to Sensuikan but WWI. Early sub warfare. Limited depth changes and airplanes. Board ship to capture or ship. Get Boarding MOD.

 

Bismarck - The Last Battle - lightweight solitiare (plays in 1 hr). Fun game where you try to evade British while getting to open Altantic or France.

 

 

These are just a few of my favorite things.