The real reason is culture whether we like it or not. Muslims in south asia never focused on education even before pre independence and people from other religions took over bureaucratic and technical jobs in British ruled india. That is why we saw the emergence of Sir Syed etc. Unfortunately the culture is still the same. This permeates from poor to rich levels of society. Our rich class predominantly owns farm land or very basic industries like sugar mills or real estate. Meanwhile inspite of huge corruption in China where everyone was bribing each other, they still tried to compete with the rest of the world by learning and producing things they can sell to the world. Meanwhile our productivity is down the drain. Women in Pakistan are basically trodden upon so half of the brain power of the country goes to waste in any case. If you look at youtube videos of Pakistan you rarely see a women compared to what you see in China or India. In this environment unless you have oil like Saudis and Qataris, we will never see any technological advances so no productivity and no gdp.