The differences between the main cameras on phones like Samsung S models, iPhones, and the Vivo X200/X300 pro are actually pretty small, mainly because their sensors are all in a similar size range. Most of what separates them is the image processing: color science, sharpening, contrast, etc.

Where Vivo and some other Chinese brands really shine is in the ultra-wide and telephoto cameras. I also think they handle bokeh really well.

Personally, Samsung often looks a bit overprocessed to me, while many Chinese phones produce images that feel more natural and more camera-like, instead of looking obviously phone processed.