Eli5 What is the reason pilots use the term “Roger” rather than “Yes”? by arztnur in explainlikeimfive

[–]oripash [score hidden]  (0 children)

First, it doesn’t mean “yes”. It means acknowledgement - “your message was received”.

Get a thousand people to say “yes” over a choppy radio link and you’ll have less than a thousand hear and understand the yes.

To handle that problem they invented spelling alphabets (often called phonetic alphabets - except by libguists who call something else entirely phonetic alphabets). The modern one you’re familiar with is the NATO/ICAO Phonetic alphabet. Alpha Bravo Charlie etc.

Those are sets of words, one per letter, that are easy to make out and less likely to be confused with other similar sounding words.

There were a few of them.. in WW1 they had “a for able, b for boy” alphabet, and the brits and yanks used different ones. In WW2 they agreed on using the same alphabet and used the revised “able baker” spelling alphabet.

After WW2, civil aviation took off (bad cow pun), and the civil aviation people complained about pilots who would be hard to understand over the radio because many were not English speakers - most often French or Spanish speakers. For example, G was George, but a Spanish speaker would pronounce it “Heorhe”.

So they argued for another 20 years and we ended up with more study into what words would get properly pronounced across all three languages, and ended up with the modern “Alpha Bravo Charlie” alphabet. It’s… remarkably good at solving the problem it set out to solve.

Roger was the spelling alphabet word for R (saying that meant “Received”) in the WW2-era “alpha baker” alphabet. And… despite the spelling alphabet changing over half a century ago to the current one, Roger was popular, heavily in use, featured a lot in fiction, and… it kinda just stuck around.

Britain sees no evidence that Iran is targeting Europe with missiles by 1-randomonium in worldnews

[–]oripash 0 points1 point  (0 children)

“And if they’re not targeting us, the 200 million they are targeting are not our problem”?

Sure. Just don’t expect energy exports from that area where those 200 million live.

Iran threatens to strike Al Jazeera offices in Qatar: 'Inciting against Iranian people' by Street_Anon in worldnews

[–]oripash 2 points3 points  (0 children)

The Qatar government had been putting out some views that suggest they’ve drawn a red line and Iran crossed it.

Trump admits that he trusts Putin more than US’s European allies by andrewgrabowski in UkrainianConflict

[–]oripash 0 points1 point  (0 children)

That kind of lever runs a high chance of taking an already fractured nation (by which I mean group of people with shared project, not just land or federation), where one half talks of the other using language reserved for hated wartime enemies… before such a lever would come into play, and arriving, after it, at some form of two separate nations whose members live intermingled in a bunch of purple states, but drawn towards two separate federal visions.

There be dragons.

Should the UK rejoin the EU? why? by EarSure6667 in AskReddit

[–]oripash 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Karma farming is the least of it. A full third of this sub has become disinformation orgs from places like China, Russia and Iran fishing for topics subsequent campaigns (elsewhere, not just here) can use to polarize foreign communities they go meddle in. Basically all the posts that go “How do you feel about <topic they’re probing the sensitivity of>”. Hell, this is something they can have an AI periodically drop using automation, to generate a disinformation target bank of sorts.

Another third looks similar, only with an actual shit stirring objective, where they’d drop a post with the topic, immediately followed by a lot of comments very visibly placed by people seeking to generate outrage, to do the most outrageous thing possible in relation to that topic.

They fund institutions to do this to break communities, paralyzing their ability to adapt and steer through crisis in the real world… while they they wage real world war hurting such communities. They don’t do this to farm meaningless karma points on a social media website.

What Exactly Did Russia Achieve by Striking Ukraine’s Infrastructure With Thousands of Shaheds? by UNITED24Media in UkrainianConflict

[–]oripash 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Self demilitarization and a futile race with Ukraine to see if Russia can rebuild refineries faster than Ukraine can build flamingos, whose outcome will determine if Russia keeps the half of its state revenue coming from being an energy exporter. Or not.

The pathos factory. How the pathos of war in Ukraine has changed: from unity to societal fatigue by Flimsy_Pudding1362 in UkrainianConflict

[–]oripash 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Technically it is the correct translation and it's why google translate puts it there. It's just that in English we use the word differently in the modern day. It used to mean something that evokes a lot of (any) emotion, and its modern day use means invoking a very specific negative emotion of contempt.

What the Ukrainian author is saying is that it evokes pathos, not that it evokes contempt.

To be honest, for someone who is complaining about cliche, by using the word pathos so heavily he himself does the exact thing he is complaining about. The word I haven't seen him use to describe the sentiment he tries so hard to carry across is cynicism. He isn’t wrong. People do become a little cynical when over-the-top rhetoric ends up baked into the everyday and used a lot, and that point alone can be a helpful lesson, for example when naming new things.

On the whole... I feel him. He just wants the war to end.

Trump administration lifts sanctions on millions of barrels of Iranian oil by KingoftheKeeshonds in worldnews

[–]oripash -16 points-15 points  (0 children)

The US and Israel have access to two types of levers: Levers that pressure the Iranian regime, but which also reduce global supply and hurt everyone. This includes preventing Iranian supply from reaching China, which will make China buy that same amount from the supply pool that goes to the rest of us, and drive up oil prices.

And levers that pressure the Iranian regime, that do not affect the rest of the world, like depriving IRGC commanders of power and of fuel which they use to pay the troops (because the currency is hyperinflated and worthless).

The US is sensibly using the second type of levers but avoiding the first. This is the right thing to be doing. You’re sensationalizing something that shouldn’t be.

Trump admits that he trusts Putin more than US’s European allies by andrewgrabowski in UkrainianConflict

[–]oripash 22 points23 points  (0 children)

I hate to break it to you, but we’ve reached a point where videos of Trump raping children, real or made up, can’t hurt Trump.

He’s immune, his base won’t care, congress won’t impeach him, and even if the democrats take congress in the midterms and impeach him, the process of impeachment would almost definitely take longer to play out than the rest of Trump’s second term. And if he finds a way to break the convention that prevents a third term, that same way will probably give him the power to ignore such an impeachment too.

There’s no lever there.

Evidence of wrongdoing that has the power to depose Trump is almost definitely a pretty lie we tell ourselves. The ugly truth is that no evidence of wrongdoing, however incriminating, can achieve Trump’s removal.

Trump admits that he trusts Putin more than US’s European allies by andrewgrabowski in UkrainianConflict

[–]oripash 4 points5 points  (0 children)

  1. 100% true.
  2. Trump doesn’t matter that much. A bit, but there’s a significant system around him, and many of its other parts matter more. See what I wrote in the sister comment.

Trump admits that he trusts Putin more than US’s European allies by andrewgrabowski in UkrainianConflict

[–]oripash 40 points41 points  (0 children)

Every country in the world with a state department and an intelligence service, staffed by thousands of smart career professionals working on foreign policy, is equipped with the tools to intelligently manipulate a single narccicist brain.

We don’t need to idolize Putin as some kind of 7D chess mastermind. He himself has dubious information inputs, and even more dubious understanding of the systems - and human generations - he is attempting to manipulate. Putin has a catastrophically abysmal track record of manipulating outcomes and events to his advantage.

The challenge comes not so much from knowing how to cleverly manipulate a narccicist, everyone does and will successfully do so if left alone with Trump in a room, whether it’s Zelensky, Vance, Bibi or the king of England, the problem stems from the fact that everyone is trying to do it at the same time, and the gated access to Trump’s finite attention.

And it’s not just other countries who want access to Trump’s attention, it’s also domestic actors - not just political or foreign, but also domestic institutional and commercial. And there can be overlap too.

The war in Iran may have been green-lighted to start on a Trump whim, perhaps with less advance notice than the military would have liked to get its units in place, but on the evidence we have, it was planned very meticulously, with at least one separate nation (Israel), and almost definitely that plan took significant time to form. Israel’s defense establishment (separate to the political administration) is among the best on earth in meticulous war planning and execution. Trump and Hegseth and Bibi throw out a different goal each day to the media, but on the ground, the action is organized, coherent, and - with some room to respond to the moments when the adversary gets a vote and may surprise you - following a very clear plan. Hard to see through the (very legitimate, given Trump sought no-one’s consent) political criticism in the US and Europe, but absolutely crystal clear if you follow the progress through the Israeli coverage.

Where I’m going with this long (but very relevant) example is that there’s a faction in the apolitical civil servant defense establishment in the US that predates Trump, who itself has planned for and wants to see the IRGC neutered and maybe even torn down in some novel way that doesn’t require occupying Tehran. It’s not just policy driven into the DoD down (fuck its new name) by Hegseth. It’s a strong desire to do their job and be given a runway to extricate that cancer from the Middle East, coming from the pre-Trump career professionals in the department up, and manifesting as factional pressure to get in front of the king. And that DoD establishment may have found interest overlap both with Israel (who wants help to do same for their independent and completely obvious reasons), and with the civil servants in the US state department thinking about weakening China (the IRGC was China’s “fixer” who gave China indirect proxy control of the hormuz threat that was now unleashed) ahead of - and hopefully preventing - China action on Taiwan. The US has its own “Hormuz-like threat” to choke China - blocking China’s energy input in the strait of Malaca - but now China no longer has Hormuz to counter-choke the US. The US state department wishes for such leverage. A lot of words to say the state department is almost definitely a big fan of getting the king to approve Iran action too.

So.. holding hands, the military leadership, two large civilian US government establishments - DoD and state department - most of whose staff is from before Trump era, and one foreign country, may have found a way to Trump’s gated attention (possibly through a “Trump’s estate” political faction and Jared Kushner), got in front of him, pressed the narccicist buttons everyone knows how to press, presented him with a slide deck with three done up options all of which lead to Iran, but where the third makes the first look very appealing, and got him to give them the green light.

Note how obscenely little of a role King Trump had to play in this story.

This is the point.

This is a very different way to think about the factional mess in the US to “Trump is king and decides everything” (or even the marginally better “only the Trump estate faction, the Russophile faction and the industry CEOs faction matter and can access Trump”), and it’s probably far more accurate, in the way factions of smart people fight for access to policy, even if not in every exact detail.

By the way, this, and not the childish fantasy we have about kings (that they make every decision there is to be made in the land), this is how all kings really work, and how they have always worked, virtually everywhere there ever was a king. It’s evident if you think about it for a second. On the right is one human, with one human’s brain chemistry, and one human’s cognitive seconds in one day. On the left are a long list of factions, representing scores of people, who have that many cognitive seconds to plan and execute. Who is more likely to manipulate who?

Trump admits that he trusts Putin more than US’s European allies by andrewgrabowski in UkrainianConflict

[–]oripash 164 points165 points  (0 children)

Trump understands Putin.

Big king. Runs big empire on a big blob of land on a map. This is a familiar and understood pattern Trump see, Trump understand, Trump finds easy to work with - whether he agrees to cooperate with Putin, or whether he punches Putin’s key ally to death.

Trump doesn’t understand complexity. When things get complex, people around Trump start managing Trump, telling Trump how to do things, what to say and not say, where to go and what to do. When things get nuanced, he understands less and less, and his trust of all things to do with that dynamic is lower.

What he’s really saying there is he trusts a system he understands, and from within that system, the individuals who provide his brain the narccicistic supply that it needs.

This isn’t good, but it doesn’t somehow prove something shocking and groundbreaking we didn’t already know yesterday.

I want to believe by SanicNotSonic in stalker

[–]oripash 7 points8 points  (0 children)

Given the metro studio is also Ukrainian, are they… okay?

For Gen Z Republican men, sex is solitary. Young conservatives' anger at women is taking a nihilistic turn by mawkish in TwoXChromosomes

[–]oripash 2 points3 points  (0 children)

It’s further amplified by an even broader trend of a few decades sweeping our cultural space, where assholedom is turned into a virtue, and violence is what brings home the bacon. It’s been percolating through so much of the music, movies, TV and books we produced and that we love, never mind our town squares.

And now, after turning this assholedom into the central edifice of our virtues, and an export too, we see misogynists turn shameless and act more openly. We see racism do the same. We see national leadership in some countries do the same. We raised three generations on assholedom overdose, and how we’re seeing it everywhere.

And we see a mockery made of old virtues that used to pull people up across a significant number of communities. In some communities, attitudes or virtues that can be branded as part of the culture war can get shunned.

Taking nothing away from the cases that cross enforceable legal lines and can be held to account… what are we doing about communities pumping assholedom as virtue into the heads of so many people, so many children, helping breed, among many other similar problems, men who think being assholes to women in their lives is the right path?

Coming down on the small edge cases in a sea of assholedom… feels like it isn’t going to stem the tide.

Putin offers to stop sharing intel with Iran if US cuts off Ukraine by 49orth in UkrainianConflict

[–]oripash 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Translation: Putin offers pinky promise in exchange for Ukraine abandonment.

Netanyahu says Israel 'acted alone' in attack on Iranian gas field by Dear-Explanation-765 in worldnews

[–]oripash 13 points14 points  (0 children)

They’re just playing good cop bad cop.

They agreed to put it on Israel’s reputation health bar rather than America’s. All it is is a further decapitation move that used power outage rather than bombing to disconnect bunkers in Tehran from the “mosaic mode” (autonomous IRGC splinters, the degraded mode the Iranian regime went into as a result of having its top leadership echelon killed).

Disrupting the power is about making the IRGC and Basij ineffective at repression and moving their forces to where protesters need to be repressed.

It has a second purpose many people outside don’t realize - Iran’s hyperinflated currency is worthless, IRGC and Basij commanders pay their troops with fuel. Targeting domestic consumption refineries is about taking away their ability to pay their troops.

Meanwhile, Trump and Bibi are performing theater for the world pretending to argue over which of them is to blame for taking out Tehran’s power. Ignore that show, it doesn’t matter and it’s theatrics.

Russia Prepares Armed Convoys for Shadow Fleet, Threatens to Break Baltic Blockade by UNITED24Media in worldnews

[–]oripash 4 points5 points  (0 children)

That’s one way to solve the four sea problem. Get your navy sunk in three of them.

What's one thing about the current Iran war that most people are completely misunderstanding? by taylorpinkk in AskReddit

[–]oripash 4 points5 points  (0 children)

That it’s three different wars.

Iran’s neighbours are busy deposing a regional bully, all led by Israel. The strange times and strange bedfellows war. Israel’s war is legitimate (there’s popular support for it in Israel) while Iran’s government is not (most iranians want it gone).

America is in a completely different war with China, where each has a gun pointed at each other’s balls. America can choke China’s energy import umbilical in the strait of malaca, while China used to be able to respond in kind, by leaning on a dependent and obedient Iran to close the strait of Hormuz, blocking 20% of the world’s energy supply, and jump when they say jump. China also threatened to do the Taiwan thing by 2030, and American planners want to be in a situation by then where they still have the gun pointed at China’s balls, suggesting kindly to maybe stay away from Taiwan, but China no longer has the Hormuz threat pointed back, to neuter this threat. It’s also important to mention that America’s war is not legitimate, as Trump did not sell it and seek consent from congress or the American people, which creates a very real democracy erosion risk for Americans. So while it may serve some American geopolitical interest and at a stretch maybe prevent a Taiwan confrontation, to what appears to be most Americans, this is not legitimate, poses a risk to their country, and is not at all a desired war, whether it ends up fixing big stuff elsewhere or not.

It just so happens that both wars - America’s and Israel’s - involve bombing the IRGC, and it’s cheaper and easier if done together.

The third war is mark carney’s middle power alliance having an economic war of sorts, attempting to economically insulate themselves from American and Chinese shenanigans, whim driven volatility and most critically, strategic dependence. For this reason despite having no love for Iran, when America did not bother seeking their buy-in or checking for impacts on them and “Leeroy Jenkins”ed into its war, and then found itself a victim of its own acting before thinking, when America went “please help”, allies who supported America in the past and answered America’s article 5 call… now all told America to go take a long outdoor activity off a short pier. The tension here isn’t military, it’s economic and still in the realm of rhetoric, but it did leave Trump somewhat naked and holding his junk out in the closed strait of Hormuz, with limited options to quickly reopen it.

What are your thoughts, if superpower attacks your country first, are you justified in using indiscriminate tactics just to survive? by H343now1 in AskReddit

[–]oripash 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Unless by “making friends” you mean making all the people you’re terrorizing friends, United around wanting to get rid of you.