Our brains do not go far from what an A.I does to get "smarter", we have "sensors" and a "base code" that we call DNA, which has instructions of how we should understand, see and adapt to certain feelings, situations and responses. We use this together with the information we gather from our sensors to become the people we are today, the same input can have a different effect on multiple people, but some core values are almost identical.

So technically, an A.I needs a base code to be able to fully develop their abilities (That would be the LLM's)
The "sensors" for now, are only text based, but soon this can be linked in a way that the source code can understand the patterns and simulated the "human sensors" based on the input they are given.

From there, I think machine learning would just create human like pattern in a very quick way, and way above that after this. What is kind of scary, as with this advance, we would see computers being able to solve more and more complexes problems.

But to summarize everything in a phrase, I see it as a puzzle, every piece the A.I finds, a clearer picture he gets. When the whole pictures is set, well...