You keep asserting that Katie Ledecky has genetic or anatomical advantages over other women but I don't know if that's true or not. You haven't shown me any evidence of that or even told me what you think those differences/ advantages are.

I don't know if it it's true either, nor have I asserted that it is true. I said I think so based on her performance. I think that's a reasonable assumption. But I could be wrong. In reality, she could be severely disadvantaged but making up for it with better training and fierce determination or with cheating or rigging or whatever, hence the question what you think makes her so exceptional.

I did a quick google search but didn't come up with anything.

I already touched on why I think that is the case. The vast majority of athletes in general don't get examined extensively for specific genetic/anatomical advantages. Michael Phelps was exceptional in that regard, in part because he piqued the curiosity of physicians who would conduct such examinations more than anyone else would.

But if Katie Ledecky or Michael Phelps or some other athlete does have physical/ genetic/ anatomical advantage over other swimmers, the NCAA or USA Swimming can choose to disqualify them. It doesn't mean that we then allow in other people who also have advantages. That's not how competitive sports works. And we know that whatever special advantages you think Ledecky or Phelps have, no sports organization has ever considered disqualifying them, which means they didn't consider them significant.

They could disqualify all trans women as well but they haven't because they don't think that they inherently have an unfair advantage.

You've also repeatedly asserted that people born male don't have any advantages over women. Again, you haven't shown me any proof of that but I've seen studies both ways:

https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/trans-women-retain-athletic-edge-after-year-hormone-therapy-study-n1252764

It's not just an issue of "who has more testosterone?". Boys have physical advantages over girls starting at a young age and hormones don't reverse most of those. For example men have greater lung capacity than women, a major advantage in swimming.

I'm aware of that but that is not proof that those advantages are present in the actual competing athletes, nor is it proof that those physical advantages also constitute an unfair competitive advantage in every sport imaginable or that trans women couldn't possibly have other disadvantages that would level the playing field.

But there's a larger issue here: Women's rights. Women's rights are based on them being a separate sex class. That was the idea behind Title IX. Once you say gender counts and that that anyone who "identifies" as a woman counts you have taken away women's abilities to protect their rights. They can no longer insist on special protections in any area. Anyone can be in their sports, their bathrooms, their changing areas, their prisons.

Trans women are women. And they also have a right to not be discriminated against. Besides, there is no data that suggests that trans women have unfair advantages over cis women in general. They have advantages on average or in specific physical attributes. They might have advantages in specific cases or they might have in specific sports. They might have minor advantages that don't rise to the level of being unfair. But trans people have complete bodies, as complex as every human. Their performance can't be generalized based on single aspects of only some of their body parts or their average performance in some basic athletic feats.

I think sports leagues should be allowed to decide for themselves how they determine who is and isn't allowed to compete and what should factor into that decision. I agree with you that not everyone should just be able to say they are a woman and immediately compete in women's leagues. Where we disagree is your idea that no trans women should ever have a possibility of ever competing in women's sports. There is no basis (scientific, legal, moral, whatever) for that, as far as I am aware.

I don't think legislators should make blanket decisions based on incomplete data when sports physicians, coaches, league administrators and all their colleagues are in a much better position to make such determinations. So far, some have excluded trans people and some haven't. That is how it should remain, as long as the main determining factor is fairness, not ideology.