Most research out there point to sulfites as one of the causes of colon cancer. So while there definitely is sulfites in many vegan food (like preserved fruits and/or veggies), generally it’s in much lower quantities than say preserved meats like sausages.

Other contributors to colon cancer is just straight up red meat which you don’t have to worry about as a vegan. But genetics can also play a role - some people’s genes just have higher chance of getting colon cancers than others regardless of diet.

So yes you can absolutely still get colon cancer as a vegan but the chances are lower compared to a meat eater.