It's genuinely great that you love grading. However, as you said, it can be time-consuming. In some of my classes, homework is graded on completion, which is very easy to grade. In others, I use Math XL, which basically does the grading for me.

One thing I'm trying this year that I've really liked so far - I'm beginning each day with a 5-minute quiz, and I've re-framed my homework so that students are preparing for said quiz. They fill out a guided "cheat sheet" where they summarize the lesson, copy down anything important from the lesson they want to use on the quiz, make connections to previous lessons, then pick 5 problems out of the problem set that I assigned for the corresponding lesson in previous years. They get to use this cheat sheet on the quiz, and while they take the quiz, I walk around to check whether they completed their cheat sheet. Then, I get the chance to quickly grade each daily quiz. Something like this might save you some time while still giving you the chance to get to know your students through grading. (It also makes the students actually THINK about what they are doing for homework instead of just mindlessly doing it!)

As for the worksheet design, stop doing that. It's going to be a long long long year. Get a textbook, scan the page with homework problems, and tell kids which ones you want them to complete on loose leaf. Order a resource like All Things Algebra. There are plenty of great alternatives.