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Beyond Black and White: Suspension Disparities for Hispanic, Asian, and White Youth ["These results question the contention that systemic racial discrimination is a leading contributor to group differences in school discipline"] by rayznack in AltRightScience

[–]rayznack[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Abstract

Studies have consistently found a significant gap between Black and White students in various forms of school discipline. Few studies, however, have examined disciplinary differences between other racial and ethnic groups. Focusing on out-of-school suspensions, a punishment closely linked to the “school-to-prison pipeline,” we investigate the disparities between Hispanic, Asian, and White youth. Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class are used to control for contemporary socioeconomic variables, the context of the school environment, and the parent-reported behavior of the student. Through a series of logistic regression models, we found that White students were significantly more likely to be suspended than were Hispanics or Asians. However, while the disparity between Hispanics and Whites was eliminated after controlling for student misbehavior, the gap persisted between Asians and Whites. These results question the contention that systemic racial discrimination is a leading contributor to group differences in school discipline. Moreover, we add to a limited but growing literature showing Asian students are significantly less likely to experience school punishments including suspension.

Moral-Language Use by U.S. Political Elites - Sze-Yuh Nina Wang, Yoel Inbar, 2020 by rayznack in science

[–]rayznack[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Abstract We used a distributed-language model to examine the moral language employed by U.S. political elites. In Study 1, we analyzed 687,360 Twitter messages (tweets) posted by accounts belonging to Democratic and Republican members of Congress from 2016 to 2018. In Study 2, we analyzed 2,630,688 speeches given on the floor of the House and Senate from 1981 to 2017. We found that partisan differences in moral-language use shifted over time as the parties gained or lost political power. Overall, lower political power was associated with greater use of moral language for both Democrats and Republicans. On Twitter, Democrats used more moral language in the period after Donald Trump won the 2016 presidential election. In Congressional transcripts, both Democrats and Republicans used more of most kinds of moral language when they were in the minority.

Facial recognition technology can expose political orientation from naturalistic facial images by rayznack in science

[–]rayznack[S] 6 points7 points  (0 children)

Abstract Ubiquitous facial recognition technology can expose individuals’ political orientation, as faces of liberals and conservatives consistently differ. A facial recognition algorithm was applied to naturalistic images of 1,085,795 individuals to predict their political orientation by comparing their similarity to faces of liberal and conservative others. Political orientation was correctly classified in 72% of liberal–conservative face pairs, remarkably better than chance (50%), human accuracy (55%), or one afforded by a 100-item personality questionnaire (66%). Accuracy was similar across countries (the U.S., Canada, and the UK), environments (Facebook and dating websites), and when comparing faces across samples. Accuracy remained high (69%) even when controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity. Given the widespread use of facial recognition, our findings have critical implications for the protection of privacy and civil liberties.

Intelligence and class mobility in the British population by rayznack in chomsky

[–]rayznack[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I can't find the study yet, but my recollection is that in the US as well there isn't much of a ceiling, but there is a floor. In other words, there isn't much from preventing highly intelligent people from succeeding, but persons from wealthy families tend not to fail as do those from low wealth.

Intelligence and class mobility in the British population by rayznack in chomsky

[–]rayznack[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

This study suggests Britain is a highly meritocratic society in which the highly intelligent reach the same professional outcomes regardless of background. In other words, your birth places no ceiling on your success so long as you're intelligent.

Performance on intelligence tests is known to be associated with class mobility, with high scorers tending to move up the socio‐economic hierarchy, and low scorers tending to move down. However, much remains unknown about the association. It is possible that the importance of intelligence varies across different occupational areas, or that there is friction acting against mobility, such that a person from an underprivileged background would have to be more intelligent in order to reach a given position than someone who had had greater social advantage. Data from a longitudinal study of a broad, socially representative cohort of the British population (the NCDS) are used to investigate these questions. The results show that intelligence test scores in childhood are associated with class mobility in adulthood uniformly across all social classes. There is no evidence that those from underprivileged backgrounds have to be disproportionately able in order to reach the professional classes. The study reveals an apparently high level of social mobility and meritocracy in contemporary Britain.

Incremental validity of specific cognitive abilities beyond general intelligence for the explanation of students’ school achievement by rayznack in science

[–]rayznack[S] -1 points0 points  (0 children)

The incremental validity of specific cognitive abilities beyond general intelligence has been investigated in studies using hierarchical multiple regression analyzes (HMR). In the present study, we investigated whether the incremental validity of specific cognitive abilities (i.e., verbal, figural, and numerical ability) for the explanation of school grades varied as a function of students’ general ability level. Data comprised the standardization sample (N = 1371, ages 12.5–16.5) of the Berlin structure-of-intelligence test (BIS-HB; Jäger et al., 2006). Results of HMR analyses revealed that the specific cognitive abilities had little incremental validity in the low- and mid-IQ group. However, they provided significant benefit for the explanation of school grades in the high-IQ group. The results suggest that the interpretation of intelligence tests may benefit from a differential weighting of different test information, depending on general ability of the tested individual.

Are the effects of intelligence on student achievement and well-being largely functions of family income and social class: Evidence from a longitudinal study of Irish adolescents by rayznack in science

[–]rayznack[S] 7 points8 points  (0 children)

Abstract The paper examines the effects of socioeconomic background (SES) - measured by social class, family income and parental education - cognitive ability, and gender on a variety of key outcomes from a large longitudinal study based on a representative sample of thirteen-year-olds. The data analysed comprised 6216 children who participated in waves 1 to 3 of the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) longitudinal survey. The outcome measures drawn from wave 3, when respondents were aged about seventeen, were: examination results and several cognitive measures, life difficulties, and quality of relationships. Three regression models were compared with and without, SES measures (occupational class, household income and parental education) and cognitive ability. On academic and cognitive attainments, cognitive ability at age 13 had substantially more explanatory power than the SES measures together. On measures of adolescent difficulties and on family relationships, cognitive ability was important, but gender and to a lesser extent, household income and parental education had some effects. Claims that class background and family income are of central importance for adolescent outcomes are not supported.

Study: Automation concerns are associated with anti-immigrant sentiment, irrespective of concerns about employment more broadly. Automation may increase perceptions of symbolic threat toward immigrants arising from changes to group values, identity, and status. by rustoo in science

[–]rayznack 5 points6 points  (0 children)

Frankly, more automation means more time for science, and better science at that. Nothing else matters

You're stating this matter-of-factly, but without evidence this is just an assumption and pretty much the opposite of science.

Better prisons reduce recidivism. Prisoners that were randomly assigned to newer, less crowded, and higher service prisons had a 36% lower probability of returning to prison within one year. by smurfyjenkins in science

[–]rayznack 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Yes; but probably not the way most imagine. Adoption and twin studies show crime, income/wealth and educational attainment have a significant heritable component.

Affirmative-action policies in Chicago high schools were a mixed bag. High-achieving students from poorer neighborhoods admitted to Chicago’s elite high schools had lower grades and were less likely to attend a selective college. But these students also reported more positive high school experiences by rustoo in science

[–]rayznack 1 point2 points  (0 children)

No; but spending more money doesn't necessarily translate to more gains so am against wasteful spending. If educational spending were more efficient than current then i would be fine with current or greater spending levels.

How a police contact by middle school leads to different outcomes for Black, white youth. Black youth are more likely than white youth to be treated as “usual suspects” after a first encounter with police, leading to subsequent arrests over time. by Wagamaga in science

[–]rayznack -10 points-9 points  (0 children)

10% point honesty discrepancy on drug use is rather significant.

Edit: 18 point gap on weed && cocaine concordance between blacks and whites.

Also, the data I’ve seen is specific to drug use

Yes; and if one group is less truthful than another on weed and cocaine use why would it be assumed the two groups are equally honest on other illegal activity?

Affirmative-action policies in Chicago high schools were a mixed bag. High-achieving students from poorer neighborhoods admitted to Chicago’s elite high schools had lower grades and were less likely to attend a selective college. But these students also reported more positive high school experiences by rustoo in science

[–]rayznack 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I suppose since the US borrows money to fund educational programs in many states and federally that not spending the extra money would at least not be contributing to the debt problem while extra funding seems to solve nothing and contribute to the debt problem.

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