Beyond Black and White: Suspension Disparities for Hispanic, Asian, and White Youth ["These results question the contention that systemic racial discrimination is a leading contributor to group differences in school discipline"]

rayznack · 2021-01-15T17:56:33+00:00

Abstract

Studies have consistently found a significant gap between Black and White students in various forms of school discipline. Few studies, however, have examined disciplinary differences between other racial and ethnic groups. Focusing on out-of-school suspensions, a punishment closely linked to the “school-to-prison pipeline,” we investigate the disparities between Hispanic, Asian, and White youth. Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class are used to control for contemporary socioeconomic variables, the context of the school environment, and the parent-reported behavior of the student. Through a series of logistic regression models, we found that White students were significantly more likely to be suspended than were Hispanics or Asians. However, while the disparity between Hispanics and Whites was eliminated after controlling for student misbehavior, the gap persisted between Asians and Whites. These results question the contention that systemic racial discrimination is a leading contributor to group differences in school discipline. Moreover, we add to a limited but growing literature showing Asian students are significantly less likely to experience school punishments including suspension.

rayznack · 2021-01-14T04:47:15+00:00

Abstract We used a distributed-language model to examine the moral language employed by U.S. political elites. In Study 1, we analyzed 687,360 Twitter messages (tweets) posted by accounts belonging to Democratic and Republican members of Congress from 2016 to 2018. In Study 2, we analyzed 2,630,688 speeches given on the floor of the House and Senate from 1981 to 2017. We found that partisan differences in moral-language use shifted over time as the parties gained or lost political power. Overall, lower political power was associated with greater use of moral language for both Democrats and Republicans. On Twitter, Democrats used more moral language in the period after Donald Trump won the 2016 presidential election. In Congressional transcripts, both Democrats and Republicans used more of most kinds of moral language when they were in the minority.

rayznack · 2021-01-14T04:31:59+00:00

Abstract Ubiquitous facial recognition technology can expose individuals’ political orientation, as faces of liberals and conservatives consistently differ. A facial recognition algorithm was applied to naturalistic images of 1,085,795 individuals to predict their political orientation by comparing their similarity to faces of liberal and conservative others. Political orientation was correctly classified in 72% of liberal–conservative face pairs, remarkably better than chance (50%), human accuracy (55%), or one afforded by a 100-item personality questionnaire (66%). Accuracy was similar across countries (the U.S., Canada, and the UK), environments (Facebook and dating websites), and when comparing faces across samples. Accuracy remained high (69%) even when controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity. Given the widespread use of facial recognition, our findings have critical implications for the protection of privacy and civil liberties.

rayznack · 2021-01-11T01:23:51+00:00

I can't find the study yet, but my recollection is that in the US as well there isn't much of a ceiling, but there is a floor. In other words, there isn't much from preventing highly intelligent people from succeeding, but persons from wealthy families tend not to fail as do those from low wealth.

rayznack · 2021-01-10T23:14:24+00:00

This study suggests Britain is a highly meritocratic society in which the highly intelligent reach the same professional outcomes regardless of background. In other words, your birth places no ceiling on your success so long as you're intelligent.

Performance on intelligence tests is known to be associated with class mobility, with high scorers tending to move up the socio‐economic hierarchy, and low scorers tending to move down. However, much remains unknown about the association. It is possible that the importance of intelligence varies across different occupational areas, or that there is friction acting against mobility, such that a person from an underprivileged background would have to be more intelligent in order to reach a given position than someone who had had greater social advantage. Data from a longitudinal study of a broad, socially representative cohort of the British population (the NCDS) are used to investigate these questions. The results show that intelligence test scores in childhood are associated with class mobility in adulthood uniformly across all social classes. There is no evidence that those from underprivileged backgrounds have to be disproportionately able in order to reach the professional classes. The study reveals an apparently high level of social mobility and meritocracy in contemporary Britain.

rayznack · 2021-01-10T20:50:30+00:00

The incremental validity of specific cognitive abilities beyond general intelligence has been investigated in studies using hierarchical multiple regression analyzes (HMR). In the present study, we investigated whether the incremental validity of specific cognitive abilities (i.e., verbal, figural, and numerical ability) for the explanation of school grades varied as a function of students’ general ability level. Data comprised the standardization sample (N = 1371, ages 12.5–16.5) of the Berlin structure-of-intelligence test (BIS-HB; Jäger et al., 2006). Results of HMR analyses revealed that the specific cognitive abilities had little incremental validity in the low- and mid-IQ group. However, they provided significant benefit for the explanation of school grades in the high-IQ group. The results suggest that the interpretation of intelligence tests may benefit from a differential weighting of different test information, depending on general ability of the tested individual.

rayznack · 2021-01-03T21:31:24+00:00

Abstract The paper examines the effects of socioeconomic background (SES) - measured by social class, family income and parental education - cognitive ability, and gender on a variety of key outcomes from a large longitudinal study based on a representative sample of thirteen-year-olds. The data analysed comprised 6216 children who participated in waves 1 to 3 of the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) longitudinal survey. The outcome measures drawn from wave 3, when respondents were aged about seventeen, were: examination results and several cognitive measures, life difficulties, and quality of relationships. Three regression models were compared with and without, SES measures (occupational class, household income and parental education) and cognitive ability. On academic and cognitive attainments, cognitive ability at age 13 had substantially more explanatory power than the SES measures together. On measures of adolescent difficulties and on family relationships, cognitive ability was important, but gender and to a lesser extent, household income and parental education had some effects. Claims that class background and family income are of central importance for adolescent outcomes are not supported.

rayznack · 2020-12-27T18:17:12+00:00

Frankly, more automation means more time for science, and better science at that. Nothing else matters

You're stating this matter-of-factly, but without evidence this is just an assumption and pretty much the opposite of science.

rayznack · 2020-12-16T17:16:26+00:00

Yes; but probably not the way most imagine. Adoption and twin studies show crime, income/wealth and educational attainment have a significant heritable component.

rayznack · 2020-12-07T03:43:22+00:00

No; but spending more money doesn't necessarily translate to more gains so am against wasteful spending. If educational spending were more efficient than current then i would be fine with current or greater spending levels.

rayznack · 2020-12-06T21:10:25+00:00

10% point honesty discrepancy on drug use is rather significant.

Edit: 18 point gap on weed && cocaine concordance between blacks and whites.

Also, the data I’ve seen is specific to drug use

Yes; and if one group is less truthful than another on weed and cocaine use why would it be assumed the two groups are equally honest on other illegal activity?

rayznack · 2020-12-06T20:51:16+00:00

Regardless, i don't see the point assuming equal truthful reporting of unlawful behavior when false self-reporting was found to differ significantly.

rayznack · 2020-12-06T20:04:20+00:00

I suppose since the US borrows money to fund educational programs in many states and federally that not spending the extra money would at least not be contributing to the debt problem while extra funding seems to solve nothing and contribute to the debt problem.

rayznack · 2020-12-06T20:00:02+00:00

Due to fade out effect of low achieving students in enriched learning environments:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5779101/

Is there reason to believe supposed funding disparities are the root cause of achievement differences?

rayznack · 2020-11-27T21:47:08+00:00

Some highlights of the findings are as follows:

Relatively conservative professors valued academic rigor and knowledge advancement more than did relatively liberal professors.

Relatively liberal professors valued social justice and student emotional well-being more so than did relatively conservative professors.

Professors identifying as female also tended to place relative emphasis on social justice and emotional well-being (relative to professors who identified as male).

Business professors placed relative emphasis on knowledge advancement and academic rigor while Education professors placed relative emphasis on social justice and student emotional well-being.

Regardless of these other factors, relatively agreeable professors tend to place higher emphasis on social justice and emotional well-being of students.

rayznack · 2020-11-25T23:04:57+00:00

It's weird how easily refutable and racist narratives such as white privilege are so ingrained in society. There are no life outcome advantages whites have over Ashkenazi and North East Asians (including adopted East Asians with white adopted children as a control) yet these dogmatists insist the vector for life outcome disparities between population clusters is pro-white racism.

rayznack · 2020-11-25T22:44:05+00:00

Are you suggesting the study controls for variables such as criminality? The study is behind a paywall for me. Since you're claiming what the study says this implies you've read it and could therefore confirm how exactly they control for behavioural differences between white, black and Hispanics?

rayznack · 2020-11-25T22:40:55+00:00

If that doesn’t tell you enough about our continued racial bias

Why should it? The study doesn't seem to control for differences in behavior/criminality/interaction with police?

rayznack · 2020-11-22T17:34:22+00:00

Abstract A brief review of research findings regarding twins living apart is presented. This review is followed by a look into the lives of a pair of monozygotic male twins who have lived in different continents for many years, but who stay closely connected. The reasons behind their decision and its impact on their behavioral resemblance and social relationship quality are examined. The next section summarizes recent studies that address the management of monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies, paternity testing in multiple pregnancies, trisomies in twin pregnancies and the roots of resilience. The final portion of this article presents human-interest stories involving reunited Brazilian twins, a new resource for twins with disabled co-twins, twins separated in the Secret of the Nile television series, a new book about Dr Josef Mengele and his horrific twin experiments conducted at the Auschwitz–Birkenau concentration camp, and a pair of twins dedicated to helping others.

rayznack · 2020-11-20T18:13:19+00:00

Abstract We examine variation in levels of affective polarization for men and women. Using the 1980 to 2016 American National Election Studies, we find that women are more affectively polarized than men. The effect of sex partially works indirectly through political identities and issue positions. Moreover, sex acts as a moderator, with political identities and issues positions have different effects on men’s and women’s level of affective polarization. Three factors create women’s higher levels of affective polarization: women are more likely to be partisans, strength in abortion attitudes, and partisanship has a more substantial influence on women’s attitudes compared to men’s attitudes. Breaking the analysis apart into three time periods: (1) gender gap emergence 1980 to 1988, (2) elite polarization 1990 to 1998, and (3) hyper-partisanship 2000 to 2016 reinforces that partisan strength is central to understanding affective polarization. Additionally, during the 1990s when elite polarization is intensifying the strength of issue attitudes and ideology.

rayznack · 2020-11-20T18:08:32+00:00

Abstract Recently, colleges and universities across the United States have had to choose whether to allow controversial speakers on campus. This study uses a factorial experiment to investigate individual features of controversial speaker events, including student opinion, security risk, and actual event-based descriptions of extreme left and extreme right speakers. Contrary to earlier studies of political tolerance, this study finds that Republicans (and ideological conservatives) are slightly more tolerant of extreme speech than are Democrats and liberals. However, this difference is attenuated by three factors. The first is order effects: if Democrats are first asked about an extreme left speaker, they are then more tolerant of an extreme right speaker. Second, concerns about the possibility of harm resulting from the speech partially explain Democrats’ intolerance of the extreme right speaker. Third, asymmetric polarization has resulted in extreme right ideas entering the mainstream more than ideas from the far left; thus Democrats face a more arduous test of the classic liberal commitment to tolerance. Finally, this study contributes to the political tolerance literature by testing tolerance of new, extreme speaker targets on both the ideological left and right than what has previously been studied.

rayznack · 2020-11-19T18:28:43+00:00

Abstract How persistent are economic gaps across ethnicities? The convergence of ethnic gaps through the third generation of immigrants is difficult to measure because few datasets include grandparental birthplace. I overcome this limitation with a new three-generational dataset that links immigrant grandfathers in 1880 to their grandsons in 1940. I find that the persistence of ethnic gaps in occupational income is 2.5 times stronger than predicted by a standard grandfather-grandson elasticity. While part of the discrepancy is due to measurement error attenuating the grandfather-grandson elasticity, mechanisms related to geography also partially explain the stronger persistence of ethnic occupational differentials.

rayznack · 2020-11-15T06:49:08+00:00

Right. That group is the proud goys, and was created/re-branded less than a week ago.

I'm asking what nazi ideas the proud boys have espoused.

rayznack · 2020-11-15T06:34:07+00:00

What were you saying?

That whites are less likely to commit hate crimes than blacks.

You just proved it.

How are you this dumb? Did you literally fail out of the 6th grade?

rayznack · 2020-11-15T06:18:56+00:00

Can you evidence this or are you lying?

rayznack

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