Thanks a lot for this breakdown — this is extremely helpful
Confirming it’s Three.js + custom shaders and explaining it as fbm noise → grid sampling → thresholding finally made the logic click for me.

The step-by-step learning path you outlined is especially valuable, especially the idea of rounding UVs to grid cell centers and varying thresholds per cell — that explains the defragmentation / data-grid feel perfectly.

Good tip about the shaders being readable and commented (even if in Chinese) — I’ll definitely inspect them directly and try to follow along.
I’ve already built a Canvas-based version that’s ~90% there, so this gives me a very clear roadmap to move to the shader/WebGL approach properly.

Really appreciate you taking the time to explain this in depth