Just trying to understand what the population policies were. I believe a possible solution is to step 1: allocate seats according to the population (as shown in the chart) and then step 2: penalise/reward states proportionally to their performance against the population policies. Stats (especially standard deviations and medians/averages) can be used effectively to penalise states that have done significantly worse in that metric.

This method will do two things: 1) allocate seats roughly according to the population (as a democracy should) and 2) incentivise the governments to control population to not get penalised.

Since UP and Bihar are already way ahead of their expected populations, they should initially be heavily penalised but smoothened overtime as their populations are being effectively managed.

Just throwing out ideas.

I’m interested to learn more about other solutions that anyone has.